为您找到与马克扎克伯格在哈佛的演讲相关的共200个结果:
马克·艾略特·扎克伯格是哈佛大学计算机和心理学专业辍学生,也是知名的社交网站Facebook的创始人、董事长兼首席执行官,同时也是一名软件设计师。Facebook是由他和哈佛大学的同学达斯汀·莫斯科维兹、爱德华多·萨维林、克里斯·休斯于2004年共同创立,被誉为Facebook教主。今天读文网小编给大家分享一篇马克扎克伯格在清华大学的演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
第一:“冷静;深呼吸;我们在听。”当用户对news feed动态消息表现不满的时候时,马克用他另类带着社交风格的方式发表了一篇博客回应此事!
第二:“当我还在大学时,我犯下了许多愚蠢的错误,我并不想为此找借口。有些人对我的指责是真实存在的,有些则是虚构的。当年我推出Facebook时只有19岁,一路走来,许多事情都发生了变化。我们已经从宿舍里运行的一台服务器,成长为拥有10亿人使用的社交方式。”
第三:“我不知道为什么……他们‘相信我’……一群白痴。”这句话,相信很多人都听过,也就是这句话,表明了马克的自私一面,这是马克对于能轻松获取用户信任后,在网络聊天发表的话,以至于虽然目前已经发展到10亿用户,但仍有部分人不再相信马克了!
第四:“我的意思是说,真正的故事可能很无聊,不是这样吗?我们坐在计算机前面写代码也只有6年的时间。”
第五: “在开发这项功能时我们犯了许多错误。不过在如何处理这些问题上,我们花费了更多的时间。我们在这个版本上的表现的确不佳,我对此表示歉意。在我对我们的错误深感失望的同时,我对收到的用户反馈表示感激。”马克因为备受争议的beacon服务而做出以上道歉!
第六:“我们的使命是让世界更加开放、联通。通过让人们分享想要分享的内容,与想联系的人进行沟通,无论他们身在何方,我们力图实现这一点。”
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温家宝是中共中央政治局原,国务院原、原党组书记。今天读文网小编给大家分享一篇温家宝的精彩演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
校长先生,女士们,先生们:
衷心感谢萨莫斯校长的盛情邀请。
哈佛是世界著名的高等学府,精英荟萃,人才辈出。建校367年来,曾出过7位总统,40多位诺贝尔奖获得者。这是你们的光荣。
今天,我很高兴站在哈佛讲台上同你们面对面交流。我是一个普通的中国人。我出生在一个教师家庭,有过苦难的童年,曾长期工作在中国艰苦地区。中国有2500个县(区),我去过1800个。我深爱着我的祖国和人民。
我今天演讲的题目是——把目光投向中国。
中美两国相隔遥远,经济水平和文化背景差异很大。但愿我的这篇讲演,能增进我们之间的相互了解。
要了解一个真实的、发展变化着的、充满希望的中国,就有必要了解中国的昨天、今天和明天。
昨天的中国,是一个古老并创造了灿烂文明的大国。
大家知道,在人类发展史上,曾经出现过西亚两河流域的巴比伦文明,北非尼罗河流域的古埃及文明,地中海北岸的古希腊——罗马文明,南亚印度河流域的古文明,发源于黄河——长江流域的中华文明,等等。由于地震、洪水、瘟疫、灾荒,由于异族入侵和内部动乱,这些古文明,有的衰落了,有的消亡了,有的融入了其它文明。而中华文明,以其顽强的凝聚力和隽永的魅力,历经沧桑而完整地延续了下来。拥有5000年的文明史,这是我们中国人的骄傲。
中华民族的传统文化博大精深、源远流长。早在2000多年前,就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说,以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说流派,这就是有名的“诸子百家”。从孔夫子到孙中山,中华民族传统文化有它的许多珍贵品,许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如,强调仁爱,强调群体,强调和而不同,强调天下为公。特别是“天下兴亡、匹夫有责”的爱国情操,“民为邦本”“民贵君轻”的民本思想,“己所不欲,勿施于人”的待人之道,吃苦耐劳、勤俭持家、尊师重教的传统美德,世代相传。所有这些,对家庭、国家和社会起到了巨大的维系与调节作用。
今年9月10日中国教师节,我专程到医院看望北京大学老教授季羡林。他已经92岁高龄,学贯中西,专攻东方学。我很喜欢读他的散文。我们在促膝交谈中,谈到近代有过“西学东渐”,也有过“东学西渐”。17、18世纪,当外国传教士把中国的文化典籍翻译成西文传到欧洲时,曾引起西方一批著名学者和启蒙思想家的极大兴趣。笛卡尔、莱伯尼兹、孟德斯鸠、伏尔泰、歌德、康德等,都对中国传统文化有过研究。
我年轻时读过伏尔泰的著作。他说过,作为思想家来研究这个星球的历史时,首先要把目光投向包括中国在内的东方。
非常有意思的是,一个半世纪前,贵国著名的哲学家、杰出的哈佛人——爱默生先生,也对中国的传统文化情有独钟。他在文章中摘引孔孟的言论很多。他还把孔子和苏格拉底、耶酥相提并论,认为儒家道德学说,“虽然是针对一个与我们完全不同的社会,但我们今天读来仍受益不浅。”
今天重温伏尔泰和爱默生这些名言,不禁为他们的睿智和远见所折服。
今天的中国,是一个改革开放与和平崛起的大国。
费正清先生关于中国人多地少有过这样的描述:美国一户农庄所拥有的土地,到了中国却居住着整整一个拥有数百人的村落。他还说,美国人尽管在历史上也曾以务农为本,但体会不到人口稠密的压力。
人多,不发达,这是中国的两大国情。中国有13亿人口,不管多么小的问题,只要乘以13亿,那就成为很大很大的问题;不管多么可观的财力、物力,只要除以13亿,那就成为很低很低的人均水平。这是中国领导人任何时候都必须牢牢记住的。
解决13亿人的问题,不能靠别人,只能靠自己。中华人民共和国成立以来,我们的建设取得了很大成就,同时也走了一些弯路,失去了一些机遇。从1978年开始改革开放,我们终于找到了一条发展自己的正确道路。这就是:中国人民独立自主地建设中国特色的社会主义。
这条道路的精髓,就是调动一切积极因素,解放和发展生产力,尊重和保障中国人民追求幸福的自由。
中国的改革开放,从农村到城市,从经济领域到政治、文化、社会领域。它的每一步深入,说到底,都是为了放手让一切劳动、知识、技术、管理和资本的活力竞相迸发,让一切创造社会财富的源泉充分涌流。
中国在相当长时间内曾实行高度集中的计划经济体制。随着社会主义市场经济体制改革的深入和民主政治建设的推进,过去人们在择业、迁徙、致富、投资、资讯、旅游、信仰和选择生活方式等方面有形无形的不合理限制,被逐步解除。这就带来了前所未有的、广泛而深刻的变化。一方面,广大城乡劳动者的积极性得以释放,特别是数以亿计的农民得以走出传统村落,进入城市特别是沿海地区,数以千万计的知识分子聪明才智得到充分发挥;另一方面,规模庞大的国有资产得以盘活,数万亿元的民间资本得以形成,5000亿美元的境外资本得以流入。这种资本和劳动的结合,就在中国960万平方公里的国土上,演进着人类历史上规模极为宏大的工业化和城市化。过去25年间,中国经济之所以按平均9.4%的速度迅速增长,其奥秘就在于此。
25年间中国创造的巨大财富,不仅使13亿中国人基本解决了温饱,基本实现了小康,而且为世界发展作出了贡献。中国所有这些进步,都得益于改革开放,归根到底来自于中国人民基于自由的创造。
我清醒地认识到,在中国现阶段,相对于有限的资源和短缺的资本,劳动力的供应是十分充裕的。不切实保护广大劳动者特别是进城农民工的基本权利,他们就有可能陷于像狄更斯、德莱塞小说所描写的那种痛苦境地。不切实保护公民的财产权利,就难以积累和吸引宝贵的资本。
因此,中国政府致力于两个保护:一个是保护劳动者的基本权利;一个是保护财产权利,既要保护公有财产,又要保护私人财产。关于这一点,中国的法律已经作出明确规定,并付诸实施。
中国的改革开放正是为了推动中国的人权进步,两者是相互依存、相互促进的。改革开放为人权进步创造了条件,人权进步为改革开放增添了动力。如果把两者割裂开来,以为中国只注意发展经济而忽视人权保护,这种看法不符合实际。正如贵国前总统罗斯福曾指出的“真正的个人自由,在没有经济安全和独立的情况下,是不存在的”,“贫者无自由”。
我并不认为,今天中国的人权状况是尽善尽美的。对人权方面存在的这样那样的弊端和消极现象,中国政府一直认真努力加以克服。在中国,把发展、改革和稳定三者结合起来,具有极端的重要性和艰巨性。百闻不如一见。只要朋友们到中国实地看一看,对改革开放以来中国的人权进步和中国政府为保障人权所作的艰苦努力,就会有客观的理解和认识。
中国是个发展中的大国。我们的发展,不应当也不可能依赖外国,必须也只能把事情放在自己力量的基点上。这就是说,我们要在扩大对外开放的同时,更加充分和自觉地依靠自身的体制创新,依靠开发越来越大的国内市场,依靠把庞大的居民储蓄转化为投资,依靠国民素质的提高和科技进步来解决资源和环境问题。中国和平崛起发展道路的要义就在于此。
当然,中国仍然是一个发展中国家。城市和农村、东部和西部存在着明显发展差距。如果你们到中国东南沿海城市旅行,就会看到高楼林立、车流如织、灯火辉煌的现代景观。但是,在我国农村特别是中国西部农村还有不少落后的地方。在那些贫穷的偏僻山村,人们还在使用人力和畜力耕作,居住的是土坯房,大旱之年人畜饮水十分困难。古诗云:“衙斋卧听萧萧竹,疑是民间疾苦声”。作为中国的,每念及还有3000万农民同胞没有解决温饱,还有2300万领取最低生活保障金的城镇人口,还有6000万需要社会帮助的残疾人,我忧心如焚、寝食难安。中国要达到发达国家水平,还需要几代人、十几代人甚至几十代人的长期艰苦奋斗。
明天的中国,是一个热爱和平和充满希望的大国。
中华民族历来酷爱和平。2000年前,秦始皇修筑的长城是防御性的。1000年前,唐朝开辟通向西域的丝绸之路,是为了把丝绸、茶叶、瓷器等销往世界。500年前,明朝著名的外交家和航海家郑和七下西洋,是为了同友邦结好,带去了精美的产品和先进的农业、手工业技术。正如俄罗斯伟大文学家托尔斯泰所说,中华民族是“最古老的民族,最大的民族”,“世界上最酷爱和平的民族”。
近代以来,由于封建王朝愚昧、腐败和闭关锁国,导致社会停滞、国力衰竭,列强频频入侵。中华民族尽管灾难深重、饱受凌辱,但始终自强不息、愈挫愈奋。一个民族在灾难和挫折中学到的东西,会比平时多得多。
中国已经制订了实现现代化的“三步走”战略。从现在起到2020年,中国要全面实现小康。到2049年,也就是中华人民共和国成立100周年的时候,我们将达到世界中等发达国家的水平。我们清醒地估计到,在前进的道路上还要克服许许多多可以想见的和难以预料的困难,迎接各种各样严峻的挑战。我们不能不持有这样的危机感。当然,中国政府和中国人民有足够的信心,励精图治,艰苦奋斗,排除万难,实现我们的雄心壮志。这是因为:
——当今世界的潮流是要和平、要发展。中国的发展正面临非常难得的战略机遇期。我们已下定决心,争取和平的国际环境和稳定的国内环境,集中精力发展自己,又以自己的发展促进世界的和平与发展。
——中国坚持的是充满生机和活力的社会主义。社会主义是大海,大海容纳百川,永不枯竭。我们立足国情,大胆推进改革开放,勇于吸收人类一切优秀文明成果来充实自己。一个善于自我调整、自我完善的社会主义,其生机和活力是无限的。
——改革开放25年来已积累起一定的物质基础,中国经济在世界已占有一席之地。中国亿万人民追求幸福、创造财富的积极性,乃是推进国家现代化取之不尽、用之不竭的巨大力量。
——中华民族具有极其深厚的文化底蕴。“和而不同”,是中国古代思想家提出的一个伟大思想。和谐而又不千篇一律,不同而又不彼此冲突;和谐以共生共长,不同以相辅相成。用“和而不同”的观点观察、处理问题,不仅有利于我们善待友邦,也有利于国际社会化解矛盾。
女士们、先生们:
加深理解是相互的。我希望美国青年把目光投向中国,也相信中国青年会进一步把目光投向美国。
美国是一个伟大的国家。从移民时代开始,美利坚民族的顽强意志和拓荒气慨,务实和创新精神,对知识的尊重和人才的吸纳,科学和法治传统,铸就了美国的繁荣。美国人民在遭受“9·11”恐怖袭击时所表现出来的镇定、互助和勇气,令人钦佩。
进入二十一世纪,人类面临的经济和社会问题更加复杂。文化因素将在新的世纪里发挥更加重要的作用。不同民族的语言各不相同,而心灵情感是相通的。不同民族的文化千姿百态,其合理内核往往是相同的,总能为人类所传承。各民族的文明都是人类智慧的成果。对人类进步作出了贡献,应该彼此尊重。人类因无知或偏见引起的冲突,有时比因利益引起的冲突更可怕。我们主张以平等和包容的精神,努力寻找双方的共同点,开展广泛的文明对话和深入的文化交流。
贵国著名诗人梅尔维尔在《麦尔文山》中曾这样写道:“无论世界怎样变化,树木逢春便会绿叶招展”。
青年代表着国家和世界的未来。面对新世纪中美关系的广阔前景,我希望两国青年更加紧密地携起手来!
女士们,先生们:
中华民族的祖先曾追求这样一种境界:“为天地立心,为生民立命,为往圣继绝学,为万世开太平”。今天,人类正处在社会急剧大变动的时代,回溯源头,传承命脉,相互学习,开拓创新,是各国弘扬本民族优秀文化的明智选择。我呼吁,让我们共同以智慧和力量去推动人类文明的进步与发展。我们的成功将承继先贤,泽被后世。这样,我们的子孙就能生活在一个更加和平、安定和繁荣的世界里。我坚信,这样一个无限光明、无限美好的明天,必将到来!
看了“"温家宝于哈佛大学演讲:“ 把目光投向中国 ”"”
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史蒂夫·乔布斯是发明家、企业家、美国苹果公司联合创办人、前行政总裁。今天读文网小编给大家分享一篇乔布斯经典哈佛演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
You've got to find what you love,' Jobs says
Jobs说,你必须要找到你所爱的东西。
This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, delivered on June 12, 2005.
这是苹果公司和Pixar动画工作室的CEO Steve Jobs于2005年6月12号在斯坦福大学的毕业典礼上面的演讲稿。
I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.
我今天很荣幸能和你们一起参加毕业典礼,斯坦福大学是世界上最好的大学之一。我从来没有从大学中毕业。说实话,今天也许是在我的生命中离大学毕业最近的一天了。今天我想向你们讲述我生活中的三个故事。不是什么大不了的事情,只是三个故事而已。
The first story is about connecting the dots.
第一个故事是关于如何把生命中的点点滴滴串连起来。
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
我在Reed大学读了六个月之后就退学了,但是在十八个月以后——我真正的作出退学决定之前,我还经常去学校。我为什么要退学呢?
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and thatmy father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.
故事从我出生的时候讲起。我的亲生母亲是一个年轻的,没有结婚的大学毕业生。她决定让别人收养我, 她十分想让我被大学毕业生收养。所以在我出生的时候,她已经做好了一切的准备工作,能使得我被一个律师和他的妻子所收养。但是她没有料到,当我出生之后,律师夫妇突然决定他们想要一个女孩。 所以我的生养父母(他们还在我亲生父母的观察名单上)突然在半夜接到了一个电话:―我们现在这儿有一个不小心生出来的男婴,你们想要他吗?‖他们回答道:―当然!‖但是我亲生母亲随后发现,我的养母从来没有上过大学,我的父亲甚至从没有读过高中。她拒绝签这个收养合同。只是在几个月以后,我的父母答应她一定要让我上大学,那个时候她才同意。
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
在十七岁那年,我真的上了大学。但是我很愚蠢的选择了一个几乎和你们斯坦福大学一样贵的学校, 我父母还处于蓝领阶层,他们几乎把所有积蓄都花在了我的学费上面。在六个月后, 我已经看不到其中的价值所在。我不知道我想要在生命中做什么,我也不知道大学能帮助我找到怎样的答案。 但是在这里,我几乎花光了我父母这一辈子的所有积蓄。所以我决定要退学,我觉得这是个正确的决定。不能否认,我当时确实非常的害怕, 但是现在回头看看,那的确是我这一生中最棒的一个决定。在我做出退学决定的那一刻, 我终于可以不必去读那些令我提不起丝毫兴趣的课程了。然后我还可以去修那些看起来有点意思的课程。
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:
但是这并不是那么罗曼蒂克。我失去了我的宿舍,所以我只能在朋友房间的地板上面睡觉,我去捡5美分的可乐瓶子,仅仅为了填饱肚子, 在星期天的晚上,我需要走七英里的路程,穿过这个城市到Hare Krishna寺庙(注:位于纽约Brooklyn下城),只是为了能吃上饭——这个星期唯一一顿好一点的饭。但是我喜欢这样。我跟着我的直觉和好奇心走, 遇到的很多东西,此后被证明是无价之宝。让我给你们举一个例子吧:
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decidedto take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.
Reed大学在那时提供也许是全美最好的美术字课程。在这个大学里面的每个海报, 每个抽屉的标签上面全都是漂亮的美术字。因为我退学了, 没有受到正规的训练, 所以我决定去参加这个课程,去学学怎样写出漂亮的美术字。我学到了san serif 和serif字体, 我学会了怎么样在不同的字母组合之中改变空格的长度, 还有怎么样才能作出最棒的印刷式样。那是一种科学永远不能捕捉到的、美丽的、真实的艺术精妙, 我发现那实在是太美妙了。
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or
proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
当时看起来这些东西在我的生命中,好像都没有什么实际应用的可能。但是十年之后,当我们在设计第一台Macintosh电脑的时候,就不是那样了。我把当时我学的那些家伙全都设计进了Mac。那是第一台使用了漂亮的印刷字体的电脑。如果我当时没有退学, 就不会有机会去参加这个我感兴趣的美术字课程, Mac就不会有这么多丰富的字体,以及赏心悦目的字体间距。那么现在个人电脑就不会有现在这么美妙的字型了。当然我在大学的时候,还不可能把从前的点点滴滴串连起来,但是当我十年后回顾这一切的时候,真的豁然开朗了。
Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something - your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.
再次说明的是,你在向前展望的时候不可能将这些片断串连起来;你只能在回顾的时候将点点滴滴串连起来。所以你必须相信这些片断会在你未来的某一天串连起来。你必须要相信某些东西:你的勇气、目的、生命、因缘。这个过程从来没有令我失望(let me down),只是让我的生命更加地与众不同而已。
My second story is about love and loss.
我的第二个故事是关于爱和损失的。
I was lucky – I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two ofus in a garage into a billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation - the Macintosh - a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
我非常幸运, 因为我在很早的时候就找到了我钟爱的东西。Woz和我在二十岁的时候就在父母的车库里面开创了苹果公司。我们工作得很努力, 十年之后, 这个公司从那两个车库中的穷光蛋发展到了超过四千名的雇员、价值超过二十亿的大公司。在公司成立的第九年,我们刚刚发布了最好的产品,那就是Macintosh。我也快要到三十岁了。在那一年, 我被炒了鱿鱼。你怎么可能被你自己创立的公司炒了鱿鱼呢? 嗯,在苹果快速成长的时候,我们雇用了一个很有天分的家伙和我一起管理这个公司, 在最初的几年,公司运转的很好。但是后来我们对未来的看法发生了分歧, 最终我们吵了起来。当争吵不可开交的时候, 董事会站在了他的那一边。所以在三十岁的时候, 我被炒了。在这么多人的眼皮下我被炒了。在而立之年,我生命的全部支柱离自己远去, 这真是毁灭性的打击。
I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me – I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
在最初的几个月里,我真是不知道该做些什么。我把从前的创业激情给丢了, 我觉得自己让与我一同创业的人都很沮丧。我和David Pack和Bob Boyce见面,并试图向他们道歉。我把事情弄得糟糕透顶了。但是我渐渐发现了曙光, 我仍然喜爱我从事的这些东西。苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫的没有改变这些, 一点也没有。我被驱逐了,但是我仍然钟爱它。所以我决定从头再来。
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
我当时没有觉察, 但是事后证明, 从苹果公司被炒是我这辈子发生的最棒的事情。因为,作为一个成功者的极乐感觉被作为一个创业者的轻松感觉所重新代替: 对任何事情都不那么特别看重。这让我觉得如此自由, 进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。
During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I retuned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's currentrenaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.
在接下来的五年里, 我创立了一个名叫NeXT的公司, 还有一个叫Pixar的公司, 然后和一个后来成为我妻子的优雅女人相识。Pixar 制作了世界上第一个用电脑制作的动画电影——―‖玩具总动员‖,Pixar现在也是世界上最成功的电脑制作工作室。在后来的一系列运转中,Apple收购了NeXT, 然后我又回到了Apple公司。我们在NeXT发展的技术在Apple的复兴之中发挥了关键的作用。我还和Laurence 一起建立了一个幸福的家庭。
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.
我可以非常肯定,如果我不被Apple开除的话, 这其中一件事情也不会发生的。这个良药的味道实在是太苦了,但是我想病人需要这个药。有些时候, 生活会拿起一块砖头向你的脑袋上猛拍一下。不要失去信心。我很清楚唯一使我一直走下去的,就是我做的事情令我无比钟爱。你需要去找到你所爱的东西。对于工作是如此, 对于你的爱人也是如此。你的工作将会占据生活中很大的一部分。你只有相信自己所做的是伟大的工作, 你才能怡然自得。如果你现在还没有找到, 那么继续找、不要停下来、全心全意的去找, 当你找到的时候你就会知道的。就像任何真诚的关系, 随着岁月的流逝只会越来越紧密。所以继续找,直到你找到它,不要停下来!
My third story is about death.
我的第三个故事是关于死亡的。
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
当我十七岁的时候, 我读到了一句话:―如果你把每一天都当作生命中最后一天去生活的话,那么有一天你会发现你是正确的。‖这句话给我留下了深刻的印象。从那时开始,过了33年,我在每天早晨都会对着镜子问自己:―如果今天是我生命中的最后一天, 你会不会完成你今天想做的事情呢?‖当答案连续很多次被给予―不是‖的时候, 我知道自己需要改变某些事情了。
Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything – all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death,leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
―记住你即将死去‖是我一生中遇到的最重要箴言。它帮我指明了生命中重要的选择。因为几乎所有的事情, 包括所有的荣誉、所有的骄傲、所有对难堪和失败的恐惧,这些在死亡面前都会消失。我看到的是留下的真正重要的东西。你有时候会思考你将会失去某些东西,―记住你即将死去‖是我知道的避免这些想法的最好办法。你已经赤身裸体了, 你没有理由不去跟随自己的心一起跳动。
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
大概一年以前, 我被诊断出癌症。我在早晨七点半做了一个检查, 检查清楚的显示在我的胰腺有一个肿瘤。我当时都不知道胰腺是什么东西。医生告诉我那很可能是一种无法治愈的癌症, 我还有三到六个月的时间活在这个世界上。我的医生叫我回家, 然后整理好我的一切, 那就是医生准备死亡的程序。那意味着你将要把未来十年对你小孩说的话在几个月里面说完.;那意味着把每件事情都搞定, 让你的家人会尽可能轻松的生活;那意味着你要说―再见了‖。
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.
我整天和那个诊断书一起生活。后来有一天早上我作了一个活切片检查,医生将一个内窥镜从我的喉咙伸进去,通过我的胃, 然后进入我的肠子, 用一根针在我的胰腺上的肿瘤上取了几个细胞。我当时很镇静,因为我被注射了镇定剂。但是我的妻子在那里, 后来告诉我,当医生在显微镜地下观察这些细胞的时候他们开始尖叫, 因为这些细胞最后竟然是一种非常罕见的可以用手术治愈的胰腺癌症。我做了这个手术, 现在我痊愈了。
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
那是我最接近死亡的时候, 我还希望这也是以后的几十年最接近的一次。从死亡线上又活了过来, 死亡对我来说,只是一个有用但是纯粹是知识上的概念的时候,我可以更肯定一点地对你们说:No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
没有人愿意死, 即使人们想上天堂, 人们也不会为了去那里而死。但是死亡是我们每个人共同的终点。从来没有人能够逃脱它。也应该如此。 因为死亡就是生命中最好的一个发明。它将旧的清除以便给新的让路。你们现在是新的, 但是从现在开始不久以后, 你们将会逐渐的变成旧的然后被清除。我很抱歉这很戏剧性, 但是这十分的真实。
Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma - which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of other's opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
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雪莉·桑德伯格,犹太人,美国计算机领域精英女性企业家,现任Facebook首席运营官和首位女性董事会成员,负责Facebook的销售、营销、收购、合作、人士、公共政策和联络事宜。今天读文网小编给大家分享一篇桑德伯格的精彩演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
So for any of us in this room today, let's start out by admitting we're lucky. We don't live in the world our mothers lived in, our grandmothers lived in, where career choices for women were so limited. And if you're in this room today, most of us grew up in a world where we had basic civil rights, and amazingly, we still live in a world where some women don't have them. But all that aside, we still have a problem, and it's a real problem. And the problem is this: Women are not making it to the top of any profession anywhere in the world. The numbers tell the story quite clearly. 190 heads of state -- nine are women. Of all the people in parliament in the world, 13 percent are women. In the corporate sector, women at the top, C-level jobs, board seats -- tops out at 15, 16 percent. The numbers have not moved since 2002 and are going in the wrong direction. And even in the non-profit world, a world we sometimes think of as being led by more women, women at the top: 20 percent.
We also have another problem, which is that women face harder choices between professional success and personal fulfillment. A recent study in the U.S. showed that, of married senior managers, two-thirds of the married men had children and only one-third of the married women had children. A couple of years ago, I was in New York, and I was pitching a deal, and I was in one of those fancy New York private equity offices you can picture. And I'm in the meeting -- it's about a three-hour meeting -- and two hours in, there kind of needs to be that bio break, and everyone stands up, and the partner running the meeting starts looking really embarrassed. And I realized he doesn't know where the women's room is in his office. So I start looking around for moving boxes, figuring they just moved in, but I don't see any. And so I said, "Did you just move into this office?" And he said, "No, we've been here about a year." And I said, "Are you telling me that I am the only woman to have pitched a deal in this office in a year?" And he looked at me, and he said, "Yeah. Or maybe you're the only one who had to go to the bathroom."
(Laughter)
So the question is, how are we going to fix this? How do we change these numbers at the top? How do we make this different? I want to start out by saying, I talk about this -- about keeping women in the workforce -- because I really think that's the answer. In the high-income part of our workforce, in the people who end up at the top -- Fortune 500 CEO jobs, or the equivalent in other industries -- the problem, I am convinced, is that women are dropping out. Now people talk about this a lot, and they talk about things like flextime and mentoring and programs companies should have to train women. I want to talk about none of that today, even though that's all really important. Today I want to focus on what we can do as inpiduals. What are the messages we need to tell ourselves? What are the messages we tell the women who work with and for us? What are the messages we tell our daughters?
Now, at the outset, I want to be very clear that this speech comes with no judgments. I don't have the right answer. I don't even have it for myself. I left San Francisco, where I live, on Monday, and I was getting on the plane for this conference. And my daughter, who's three, when I dropped her off at preschool, did that whole hugging-the-leg, crying, "Mommy, don't get on the plane" thing. This is hard. I feel guilty sometimes. I know no women, whether they're at home or whether they're in the workforce, who don't feel that sometimes. So I'm not saying that staying in the workforce is the right thing for everyone.
My talk today is about what the messages are if you do want to stay in the workforce, and I think there are three. One, sit at the table. Two, make your partner a real partner. And three, don't leave before you leave. Number one: sit at the table. Just a couple weeks ago at Facebook, we hosted a very senior government official, and he came in to meet with senior execs from around Silicon Valley. And everyone kind of sat at the table. And then he had these two women who were traveling with him who were pretty senior in his department, and I kind of said to them, "Sit at the table. Come on, sit at the table," and they sat on the side of the room. When I was in college my senior year, I took a course called European Intellectual History. Don't you love that kind of thing from college? I wish I could do that now. And I took it with my roommate, Carrie, who was then a brilliant literary student -- and went on to be a brilliant literary scholar -- and my brother -- smart guy, but a water-polo-playing pre-med, who was a sophomore.
The three of us take this class together. And then Carrie reads all the books in the original Greek and Latin, goes to all the lectures. I read all the books in English and go to most of the lectures. My brother is kind of busy. He reads one book of 12 and goes to a couple of lectures, marches himself up to our room a couple days before the exam to get himself tutored. The three of us go to the exam together, and we sit down. And we sit there for three hours -- and our little blue notebooks -- yes, I'm that old. And we walk out, and we look at each other, and we say, "How did you do?" And Carrie says, "Boy, I feel like I didn't really draw out the main point on the Hegelian dialectic." And I say, "God, I really wish I had really connected John Locke's theory of property with the philosophers who follow." And my brother says, "I got the top grade in the class." "You got the top grade in the class? You don't know anything."
The problem with these stories is that they show what the data shows: women systematically underestimate their own abilities. If you test men and women, and you ask them questions on totally objective criteria like GPAs, men get it wrong slightly high, and women get it wrong slightly low. Women do not negotiate for themselves in the workforce. A study in the last two years of people entering the workforce out of college showed that 57 percent of boys entering, or men, I guess, are negotiating their first salary, and only seven percent of women. And most importantly, men attribute their success to themselves, and women attribute it to other external factors. If you ask men why they did a good job, they'll say, "I'm awesome. Obviously. Why are you even asking?" If you ask women why they did a good job, what they'll say is someone helped them, they got lucky, they worked really hard. Why does this matter? Boy, it matters a lot because no one gets to the corner office by sitting on the side, not at the table, and no one gets the promotion if they don't think they deserve their success, or they don't even understand their own success.
I wish the answer were easy. I wish I could just go tell all the young women I work for, all these fabulous women, "Believe in yourself and negotiate for yourself. Own your own success." I wish I could tell that to my daughter. But it's not that simple. Because what the data shows, above all else, is one thing, which is that success and likeability are positively correlated for men and negatively correlated for women. And everyone's nodding, because we all know this to be true.
There's a really good study that shows this really well. There's a famous Harvard Business School study on a woman named Heidi Roizen. And she's an operator in a company in Silicon Valley, and she uses her contacts to become a very successful venture capitalist. In 2002 -- not so long ago -- a professor who was then at Columbia University took that case and made it Howard Roizen. And he gave the case out, both of them, to two groups of students. He changed exactly one word: "Heidi" to "Howard." But that one word made a really big difference. He then surveyed the students, and the good news was the students, both men and women, thought Heidi and Howard were equally competent, and that's good. The bad news was that everyone liked Howard. He's a great guy. You want to work for him. You want to spend the day fishing with him. But Heidi? Not so sure. She's a little out for herself. She's a little political. You're not sure you'd want to work for her. This is the complication. We have to tell our daughters and our colleagues, we have to tell ourselves to believe we got the A, to reach for the promotion, to sit at the table, and we have to do it in a world where, for them, there are sacrifices they will make for that, even though for their brothers, there are not.
The saddest thing about all of this is that it's really hard to remember this. And I'm about to tell a story which is truly embarrassing for me, but I think important. I gave this talk at Facebook not so long ago to about 100 employees, and a couple hours later, there was a young woman who works there sitting outside my little desk, and she wanted to talk to me. I said, okay, and she sat down, and we talked. And she said, "I learned something today. I learned that I need to keep my hand up." I said, "What do you mean?" She said, "Well, you're giving this talk, and you said you were going to take two more questions. And I had my hand up with lots of other people, and you took two more questions. And I put my hand down, and I noticed all the women put their hand down, and then you took more questions, only from the men." And I thought to myself, wow, if it's me -- who cares about this, obviously -- giving this talk -- and during this talk, I can't even notice that the men's hands are still raised, and the women's hands are still raised, how good are we as managers of our companies and our organizations at seeing that the men are reaching for opportunities more than women? We've got to get women to sit at the table.
(Applause)
Message number two: make your partner a real partner. I've become convinced that we've made more progress in the workforce than we have in the home. The data shows this very clearly. If a woman and a man work full-time and have a child, the woman does twice the amount of housework the man does, and the woman does three times the amount of childcare the man does. So she's got three jobs or two jobs, and he's got one. Who do you think drops out when someone needs to be home more? The causes of this are really complicated, and I don't have time to go into them. And I don't think Sunday football-watching and general laziness is the cause.
I think the cause is more complicated. I think, as a society, we put more pressure on our boys to succeed than we do on our girls. I know men that stay home and work in the home to support wives with careers, and it's hard. When I go to the Mommy-and-Me stuff and I see the father there, I notice that the other mommies don't play with him. And that's a problem, because we have to make it as important a job, because it's the hardest job in the world to work inside the home, for people of both genders, if we're going to even things out and let women stay in the workforce. (Applause) Studies show that households with equal earning and equal responsibility also have half the porce rate. And if that wasn't good enough motivation for everyone out there, they also have more -- how shall I say this on this stage? -- they know each other more in the biblical sense as well.
(Cheers)
Message number three: don't leave before you leave. I think there's a really deep irony to the fact that actions women are taking -- and I see this all the time -- with the objective of staying in the workforce actually lead to their eventually leaving. Here's what happens: We're all busy. Everyone's busy. A woman's busy. And she starts thinking about having a child, and from the moment she starts thinking about having a child, she starts thinking about making room for that child. "How am I going to fit this into everything else I'm doing?" And literally from that moment, she doesn't raise her hand anymore, she doesn't look for a promotion, she doesn't take on the new project, she doesn't say, "Me. I want to do that." She starts leaning back. The problem is that -- let's say she got pregnant that day, that day -- nine months of pregnancy, three months of maternity leave, six months to catch your breath -- fast-forward two years, more often -- and as I've seen it -- women start thinking about this way earlier -- when they get engaged, when they get married, when they start thinking about trying to have a child, which can take a long time. One woman came to see me about this, and I kind of looked at her -- she looked a little young. And I said, "So are you and your husband thinking about having a baby?" And she said, "Oh no, I'm not married." She didn't even have a boyfriend. I said, "You're thinking about this just way too early."
But the point is that what happens once you start kind of quietly leaning back? Everyone who's been through this -- and I'm here to tell you, once you have a child at home, your job better be really good to go back, because it's hard to leave that kid at home -- your job needs to be challenging. It needs to be rewarding. You need to feel like you're making a difference. And if two years ago you didn't take a promotion and some guy next to you did, if three years ago you stopped looking for new opportunities, you're going to be bored because you should have kept your foot on the gas pedal. Don't leave before you leave. Stay in. Keep your foot on the gas pedal, until the very day you need to leave to take a break for a child -- and then make your decisions. Don't make decisions too far in advance, particularly ones you're not even conscious you're making.
My generation really, sadly, is not going to change the numbers at the top. They're just not moving. We are not going to get to where 50 percent of the population -- in my generation, there will not be 50 percent of [women] at the top of any industry. But I'm hopeful that future generations can. I think a world that was run where half of our countries and half of our companies were run by women, would be a better world. And it's not just because people would know where the women's bathrooms are, even though that would be very helpful. I think it would be a better world. I have two children. I have a five-year-old son and a two-year-old daughter. I want my son to have a choice to contribute fully in the workforce or at home, and I want my daughter to have the choice to not just succeed, but to be liked for her accomplishments.
Thank you.
(Applause)
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比尔盖茨是世界首富,是著名的慈善家。今天读文网小编给大家分享一篇比尔盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲稿,希望对大家有所帮助。
President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, parents, and especially, the graduates:
尊敬的 Bok 校长, Rudenstine 前校长,即将上任的 Faust 校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
I’ve been waiting more than 30 years to say this: Dad, I always told you I’d come back and get my degree.
有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了: “ 老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的学位的!”
I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I’ll be changing my job next year … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司退休) …… 我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degrees. For my part, I’m just happy that the Crimson has called me Harvard’s most successful dropout. I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special class … I did the best of everyone who failed.
我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是 “ 哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生 ” 。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言 …… 在所有的失败者里,我做得最好。
But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out of business school. I’m a bad influence. That’s why I was invited to speak at your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be here today.
但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得 Steve Ballmer (注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多吧。
Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn’t even signed up for. And dorm life was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyone knew I didn’t worry about getting up in the morning. That’s how I came to be the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of validating our rejection of all those social people.
对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在 Radcliffe 过着逍遥自在 的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生的姿态。
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improving your odds doesn’t guarantee success.
Radcliffe 是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the world’s first personal computers. I offered to sell them software.
我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在 1975 年 1 月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于 Albuquerque 的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向他们出售软件。
I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up on me. Instead they said: We’re not quite ready, come see us in a month, which was a good thing, because we hadn’t written the software yet. From that moment, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with microsoft.
我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说: “ 我们还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。 ” 这是个好消息,因为那时 软件还根本没有写出来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开 始。
What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much energy and Intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even discouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made, and the ideas I worked on.
不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生 活在哈佛是一种吸引人的特殊待遇 …… 虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。
I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn millions of people to lives of despair.
我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。
I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I got great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.
我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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But humanity’s greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how those discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, strong public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – reducing inequity is the highest human achievement.
但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发现。不管通过何种手段 —— 民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广泛的经济机会 —— 减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing countries.
我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
It took me decades to find out.
我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the world’s inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope you’ve had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technology – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这个问题。
Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that time and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving lives. Where would you spend it?
为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些钱 —— 你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。你会选择什么地方?
For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good for the greatest number with the resources we have.
对 Melinda (注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有的资源发挥出最大的作用。
During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about the millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from diseases that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneumonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotavirus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United States.
在讨论过程中, Melinda 和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致 50 万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死亡病例也没有。
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying and they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and deliver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there were interventions that could save lives that just weren’t being delivered.
我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
If you believe that every life has equal value, it’s revolting to learn that some lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: This can’t be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our giving.
如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说: “ 事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应是我们努力的头等大事。 ”
So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: How could the world let these children die?
所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问: “ 这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着这些孩子死去? ”
The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died because their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice in the system.
答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没有能力发出声音。
But you and I have both.
但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more creative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are suffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the world to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the people who pay the taxes.
我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 —— 如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可 以维持生活 —— 那么,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观 的地方。
If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generate profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustainable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can never be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the world.
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
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I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is no hope. They say: Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will be with us till the end – because people just … don’t … care. I completely disagree.
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说: “ 不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。 —— 因为人类对这个问题根本不在乎。” 我完全不能同意这种观点。
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn’t care, but because we didn’t know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would have acted.
此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。
The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex enterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, officials iMMediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, determine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.
即使有了互联网和 24 小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来再次发生类似事故。
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: Of all the people in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent of them were on this plane. We’re determined to do everything possible to solve the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent.
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说: “ 在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡之中,只有0.5% 的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个 0.5% 的死亡原因。 ”
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史蒂夫·乔布斯是发明家、企业家、美国苹果公司联合创办人、前行政总裁,凭敏锐的触觉和过人的智慧,勇于变革,不断创新,把电脑和电子产品变得简约化、平民化,让曾经是昂贵稀罕的电子产品变为现代人生活的一部分。今天读文网小编给大家分享一篇乔布斯在哈佛大学的精彩演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
美国总统奥巴马:乔布斯是美国最伟大的创新领袖之一,他的卓越天赋也让他成为了这个能够改变世界的人。
微软联合创办人比尔盖茨:很少有人对世界产生像乔布斯那样的影响,这种影响将是长期的。
微软联合创办人保罗艾伦:他懂得如何创造出令人惊叹的伟大产品。
联想集团CEO杨元庆:作为竞争对手,他推动我们所有人不断向前发展。
腾讯董事局主席兼CEO马化腾:他是我的偶像,创造了世界上最优雅的产品。
北大教授张颐武:他不一定是技术发明的伟人,但他肯定是洞悉人性的伟人。
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朱棣文是美国华裔物理学家,生于美国圣路易斯,祖籍江苏太仓;中国科学院外籍院士,因“发展了用激光冷却和捕获原子的方法”而获得1997年诺贝尔物理学奖。今天读文网小编给大家分享一篇朱棣文在哈佛大学的精彩演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
Madam President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, faculty, family, friends, and, most importantly, today's graduates,
尊敬的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位朋友,以及最重要的各位毕业生同学,
Thank you for letting me share this wonderful day with you.
感谢你们,让我有机会同你们一起分享这个美妙的日子。
I am not sure I can live up to the high standards of Harvard Commencement speakers. Last year, J.K. Rowling, the billionaire novelist, who started as a classics student, graced this podium. The year before, Bill Gates, the mega-billionaire philanthropist and computer nerd stood here. Today, sadly, you have me. I am not a billionaire, but at least I am a nerd.
我不太肯定,自己够得上哈佛大学毕业典礼演讲人这样的殊荣。去年登上这个讲台的是,英国亿万身家的小说家J.K. Rowling女士,她最早是一个古典文学的学生。前年站在这里的是比尔•盖茨先生,他是一个超级富翁、一个慈善家和电脑高手。今年很遗憾,你们的演讲人是我,虽然我不是很有钱,但是至少我也算一个高手。
I am grateful to receive an honorary degree from Harvard, an honor that means more to me than you might care to imagine. You see, I was the academic black sheep of my family. My older brother has an M.D./Ph.D. from MIT and Harvard while my younger brother has a law degree from Harvard. When I was awarded a Nobel Prize, I thought my mother would be pleased. Not so. When I called her on the morning of the announcement, she replied, "That's nice, but when are you going to visit me next." Now, as the last brother with a degree from Harvard, maybe, at last, she will be satisfied.
我很感激哈佛大学给我荣誉学位,这对我很重要,也许比你们会想到的还要重要。要知道,在学术上,我是我们家的不肖之子。我的哥哥在麻省理工学院得到医学博士,在哈佛大学得到哲学博士;我的弟弟在哈佛大学得到一个法律学位。我本人得到诺贝尔奖的时候,我想我的妈妈会高兴。但是,我错了。消息公布的那天早上,我给她打电话,她听了只说:"这是好消息,不过我想知道,你下次什么时候来看我?"如今在我们兄弟当中,我最终也拿到了哈佛学位,我想这一次,她会感到满意。
Another difficulty with giving a Harvard commencement address is that some of you may disapprove of the fact that I have borrowed material from previous speeches. I ask that you forgive me for two reasons.
在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲,还有一个难处,那就是你们中有些人可能有意见,不喜欢我重复前人演讲中说过的话。我要求你们谅解我,因为两个理由。
First, in order to have impact, it is important to deliver the same message more than once. In science, it is important to be the first person to make a discovery, but it is even more important to be the last person to make that discovery.
首先,为了产生影响力,很重要的方法就是重复传递同样的信息。在科学中,第一个发现者是重要的,但是在得到公认前,最后一个将这个发现重复做出来的人也许更重要。
Second, authors who borrow from others are following in the footsteps of the best. Ralph Waldo Emerson, who graduated from Harvard at the age of 18, noted "All my best thoughts were stolen by the ancients." Picasso declared "Good artists borrow. Great artists steal." Why should commencement speakers be held to a higher standard?
其次,一个借鉴他人的作者,正走在一条前人开辟的最佳道路上。哈佛大学毕业生、诗人爱默生曾经写下:"古人把我最好的一些思想都偷走了。"画家毕加索宣称"优秀的艺术家借鉴,伟大的艺术家偷窃。"那么为什么毕业典礼的演说者,就不适用同样的标准呢?
I also want to point out the irony of speaking to graduates of an institution that would have rejected me, had I the chutzpah to apply. I am married to "Dean Jean," the former dean of admissions at Stanford. She assures me that she would have rejected me, if given the chance. When I showed her a draft of this speech, she objected strongly to my use of the word "rejected." She never rejected applicants; her letters stated that "we are unable to offer you admission." I have difficulty understanding the difference. After all, deans of admissions of highly selective schools are in reality, "deans of rejection." Clearly, I have a lot to learn about marketing.
我还要指出一点,向哈佛毕业生发表演说,对我来说是有讽刺意味的,因为如果当年我斗胆向哈佛大学递交入学申请,一定会被拒绝。我的妻子Jean当过斯坦福大学的招生主任,她向我保证,如果当年我申请斯坦福大学,她会拒绝我。我把这篇演讲的草稿给她过目,她强烈反对我使用"拒绝"这个词,她从来不拒绝任何申请者。在拒绝信中,她总是写:"我们无法提供你入学机会。"我分不清两者到底有何差别。在我看来,那些大热门学校的招生主任与其称为"准许你入学的主任",还不如称为"拒绝你入学的主任"。很显然,我需要好好学学怎么来推销自己。
My address will follow the classical sonata form of commencement addresses. The first movement, just presented, were light-hearted remarks. This next movement consists of unsolicited advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed. As Oscar Wilde said, "The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on. It is never of any use to oneself." So, here comes the advice. First, every time you celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible. Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were inspirational, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself. Going forward, the ability to teach yourself is the hallmark of a great liberal arts education and will be the key to your success. To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to your education during those late night discussions, hug them. Also, of course, thank Harvard. Should you forget, there's an alumni association to remind you. Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit. In all negotiations, don't bargain for the last, little advantage. Leave the change on the table. In your collaborations, always remember that "credit" is not a conserved quantity. In a successful collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit.
毕业典礼演讲都遵循古典奏鸣曲的结构,我的演讲也不例外。刚才是第一乐章----轻快的闲谈。接下来的第二乐章是送上门的忠告。这样的忠告很少被重视,几乎注定被忘记,永远不会被实践。但是,就像王尔德说的:"对于忠告,你所能做的,就是把它送给别人,因为它对你没有任何用处。"所以,下面就是我的忠告。第一,取得成就的时候,不要忘记前人。要感谢你的父母和支持你的朋友,要感谢那些启发过你的教授,尤其要感谢那些上不好课的教授,因为他们迫使你自学。从长远看,自学能力是优秀的文理教育中必不可少的,将成为你成功的关键。你还要去拥抱你的同学,感谢他们同你进行过的许多次彻夜长谈,这为你的教育带来了无法衡量的价值。当然,你还要感谢哈佛大学。不过即使你忘了这一点,校友会也会来提醒你。第二,在你们未来的人生中,做一个慷慨大方的人。在任何谈判中,都把最后一点点利益留给对方。不要把桌上的钱都拿走。在合作中,要牢记荣誉不是一个守恒的量。成功合作的任何一方,都应获得全部荣誉的90%。
Jimmy Stewart, as Elwood P. Dowd in the movie "Harvey" got it exactly right. He said: "Years ago my mother used to say to me, 'In this world, Elwood, you must be ... she always used to call me Elwood ... in this world, Elwood, you must be oh so smart or oh so pleasant.'" Well, for years I was smart. ... I recommend pleasant. You may quote me on that.
电影《Harvey》中,Jimmy Stewart扮演的角色Elwood P. Dowd,就完全理解这一点。他说:"多年前,母亲曾经对我说,'Elwood,活在这个世界上,你要么做一个聪明人,要么做一个好人。'"我做聪明人,已经做了好多年了。......但是,我推荐你们做好人。你们可以引用我这句话。
My third piece of advice is as follows: As you begin this new stage of your lives, follow your passion. If you don't have a passion, don't be satisfied until you find one. Life is too short to go through it without caring deeply about something. When I was your age, I was incredibly single-minded in my goal to be a physicist. After college, I spent eight years as a graduate student and postdoc at Berkeley, and then nine years at Bell Labs. During that my time, my central focus and professional joy was physics.
我的第三个忠告是,当你开始生活的新阶段时,请跟随你的爱好。如果你没有爱好,就去找,找不到就不罢休。生命太短暂,如果想有所成,你必须对某样东西倾注你的深情。我在你们这个年龄,是超级的一根筋,我的目标就是非成为物理学家不可。本科毕业后,我在加州大学伯克利分校又待了8年,读完了研究生,做完了博士后,然后去贝尔实验室待了9年。在这些年中,我关注的中心和职业上的全部乐趣,都来自物理学。
Here is my final piece of advice. Pursuing a personal passion is important, but it should not be your only goal. When you are old and gray, and look back on your life, you will want to be proud of what you have done. The source of that pride won't be the things you have acquired or the recognition you have received. It will be the lives you have touched and the difference you have made.
我还有最后一个忠告,就是说兴趣爱好固然重要,但是你不应该只考虑兴趣爱好。当你白发苍苍、垂垂老矣、回首人生时,你需要为自己做过的事感到自豪。你的物质生活和得到的承认,都不会产生自豪。只有那些你出手相助、被你改变过的人和事,才会让你产生自豪。
After nine years at Bell labs, I decided to leave that warm, cozy ivory tower for what I considered to be the "real world," a university. Bell Labs, to quote what was said about Mary Poppins, was "practically perfect in every way," but I wanted to leave behind something more than scientific articles. I wanted to teach and give birth to my own set of scientific children.
在贝尔实验室待了9年后,我决定离开这个温暖舒适的象牙塔,走进我眼中的"真实世界"----大学。我对贝尔实验室的看法,就像别人形容电影Mary Poppins的话,"实际上完美无缺"。但是,我想为世界留下更多的东西,不只是科学论文。我要去教书,培育我自己在科学上的后代。
Ted Geballe, a friend and distinguished colleague of mine at Stanford, who also went from Berkeley to Bell Labs to Stanford years earlier, described our motives best:
我在斯坦福大学有一个好友兼杰出同事Ted Geballe。他也是从伯克利分校去了贝尔实验室,几年前又离开贝尔实验室去了斯坦福大学。他对我们的动机做出了最佳描述:
"The best part of working at a university is the students. They come in fresh, enthusiastic, open to ideas, unscarred by the battles of life. They don't realize it, but they're the recipients of the best our society can offer. If a mind is ever free to be creative, that's the time. They come in believing textbooks are authoritative, but eventually they figure out that textbooks and professors don't know everything, and then they start to think on their own. Then, I begin learning from them."
"在大学工作,最大的优点就是学生。他们生机勃勃,充满热情,思想自由,还没被生活的重压改变。虽然他们自己没有意识到,但是他们是这个社会中你能找到的最佳受众。如果生命中曾经有过思想自由和充满创造力的时期,那么那个时期就是你在读大学。进校时,学生们对课本上的一字一句毫不怀疑,渐渐地,他们发现课本和教授并不是无所不知的,于是他们开始独立思考。从那时起,就是我开始向他们学习了。"
My students, post doctoral fellows, and the young researchers who worked with me at Bell Labs, Stanford, and Berkeley have been extraordinary. Over 30 former group members are now professors, many at the best research institutions in the world, including Harvard. I have learned much from them. Even now, in rare moments on weekends, the remaining members of my biophysics group meet with me in the ether world of cyberspace.
我教过的学生、带过的博士后、合作过的年轻同事,都非常优秀。他们中有30多人,现在已经是教授了。他们所在的研究机构有不少是全世界第一流的,其中就包括哈佛大学。我从他们身上学到了很多东西。即使现在,我偶尔还会周末上网,向现在还从事生物物理学研究的学生请教。
I began teaching with the idea of giving back; I received more than I gave. This brings me to the final movement of this speech. It begins with a story about an extraordinary scientific discovery and a new dilemma that it poses. It's a call to arms and about making a difference.
我怀着回报社会的想法,开始了教学生涯。我的一生中,得到的多于我付出的,所以我要回报社会。这就引出了这次演讲的最后一个乐章。首先我要讲一个了不起的科学发现,以及由此带来的新挑战。它是一个战斗的号令,到了做出改变的时候了。
In the last several decades, our climate has been changing. Climate change is not new: the Earth went through six ice ages in the past 600,000 years. However, recent measurements show that the climate has begun to change rapidly. The size of the North Polar Ice Cap in the month of September is only half the size it was a mere 50 years ago. The sea level which been rising since direct measurements began in 1870 at a rate that is now five times faster than it was at the beginning of recorded measurements. Here's the remarkable scientific discovery. For the first time in human history, science is now making predictions of how our actions will affect the world 50 and 100 years from now. These changes are due to an increase in carbon dioxide put into the atmosphere since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. The Earth has warmed up by roughly 0.8 degrees Celsius since the beginning of the Revolution. There is already approximately a 1 degree rise built into the system, even if we stop all greenhouse gas emissions today. Why? It will take decades to warm up the deep oceans before the temperature reaches a new equilibrium.
过去几十年中,我们的气候一直在发生变化。气候变化并不是现在才有的,过去60万年中就发生了6次冰河期。但是,现在的测量表明气候变化加速了。北极冰盖在9月份的大小,只相当于50年前的一半。1870年起,人们开始测量海平面上升的速度,现在的速度是那时的5倍。一个重大的科学发现就这样产生了。科学第一次在人类历史上,预测出我们的行为对50~100年后的世界有何影响。这些变化的原因是,从工业革命开始,人类排放到大气中的二氧化碳增加 了。这使得地球的平均气温上升了0.8摄氏度。即使我们立刻停止所有温室气体的排放,气温仍然将比过去上升大约1度。因为在气温达到均衡前,海水温度的上升将持续几十年。
If the world continues on a business-as-usual path, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that there is a fifty-fifty chance the temperature will exceed 5 degrees by the end of this century. This increase may not sound like much, but let me remind you that during the last ice age, the world was only 6 degrees colder. During this time, most of Canada and the United States down to Ohio and Pennsylvania were covered year round by a glacier. A world 5 degrees warmer will be very different. The change will be so rapid that many species, including Humans, will have a hard time adapting. I've been told for example, that, in a much warmer world, insects were bigger. I wonder if this thing buzzing around is a precursor.
如果全世界保持现在的经济模式不变,联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)预测,本世纪末将有50%的可能,气温至少上升5度。这听起来好像不多,但是让我来提醒你,上一次的冰河期,地球的气温也仅仅只下降了6度。那时,俄亥俄州和宾夕法尼亚州以北的大部分美国和加拿大的土地,都终年被冰川覆盖。气温上升5度的地球,将是一个非常不同的地球。由于变化来得太快,包括人类在内的许多生物,都将很难适应。比如,有人告诉我,在更温暖的环境中,昆虫的个头将变大。我不知道现在身旁嗡嗡叫的这只大苍蝇,是不是就是前兆。
We also face the specter of nonlinear "tipping points" that may cause much more severe changes. An example of a tipping point is the thawing of the permafrost. The permafrost contains immense amounts of frozen organic matter that have been accumulating for millennia. If the soil melts, microbes will spring to life and cause this debris to rot. The difference in biological activity below freezing and above freezing is something we are all familiar with. Frozen food remains edible for a very long time in the freezer, but once thawed, it spoils quickly. How much methane and carbon dioxide might be released from the rotting permafrost? If even a fraction of the carbon is released, it could be greater than all the greenhouse gases we have released to since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Once started, a runaway effect could occur.
我们还面临另一个幽灵,那就是非线性的"气候引爆点",这会带来许多严重得多的变化。"气候引爆点"的一个例子就是永久冻土层的融化。永久冻土层经 过千万年的累积形成,其中包含了巨量的冻僵的有机物。如果冻土融化,微生物就将广泛繁殖,使得冻土层中的有机物快速腐烂。冷冻后的生物和冷冻前的生物,它 们在生物学特性上的差异,我们都很熟悉。在冷库中,冷冻食品在经过长时间保存后,依然可以食用。但是,一旦解冻,食品很快就腐烂了。一个腐烂的永久冻土层,将释放出多少甲烷和二氧化碳?即使只有一部分的碳被释放出来,可能也比我们从工业革命开始释放出来的所有温室气体还要多。这种事情一旦发生,局势就失控了。
The climate problem is the unintended consequence of our success. We depend on fossil energy to keep our homes warm in the winter, cool in the summer, and lit at night; we use it to travel across town and across continents. Energy is a fundamental reason for the prosperity we enjoy, and we will not surrender this prosperity. The United States has 3 percent of the world population, and yet, we consume 25 percent of the energy. By contrast, there are 1.6 billion people who don't have access to electricity. Hundreds of millions of people still cook with twigs or dung. The life we enjoy may not be within the reach of the developing world, but it is within sight, and they want what we have.
气候问题是我们的经济发展在无意中带来的后果。我们太依赖化石能源,冬天取暖,夏天制冷,夜间照明,长途旅行,环球观光。能源是经济繁荣的基础,我 们不可能放弃经济繁荣。美国人口占全世界的3%,但是我们消耗全世界25%的能源。与此形成对照,全世界还有16亿人没有电,数亿人依靠燃烧树枝和动物粪便来煮饭。发展中国家的人民享受不到我们的生活,但是他们都看在眼里,他们渴望拥有我们拥有的东西。
Here is the dilemma. How much are we willing to invest, as a world society, to mitigate the consequences of climate change that will not be realized for at least 100 years? Deeply rooted in all cultures, is the notion of generational responsibility. Parents work hard so that their children will have a better life. Climate change will affect the entire world, but our natural focus is on the welfare of our immediate families. Can we, as a world society, meet our responsibility to future generations?
这就是新的挑战。全世界作为一个整体,我们到底愿意付出多少,来缓和气候变化?这种付出至少在100年内,都不会有明显效果。代际责任深深植根于所有文化中。家长努力工作,为了让他们的孩子有更好的生活。气候变化将影响整个世界,但是我们的天性使得我们只关心个人家庭的福利。我们能不能把全世界看作一个整体?能不能为未来的人们承担起责任?
While I am worried, I am hopeful we will solve this problem. I became the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, in part because I wanted to enlist some of the best scientific minds to help battle against climate change. I was there only four and a half years, the shortest serving director in the 78-year history of the Lab, but when I left, a number of very exciting energy institutes at the Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley had been established.
虽然我忧心忡忡,但是还是对未来抱乐观态度,这个问题将会得到解决。我同意出任劳伦斯-伯克利国家实验室主任,部分原因是我想招募一些世界上最好的科学家,来研究气候变化的对策。我在那里干了4年半,是这个实验室78年的历史中,任期最短的主任,但是当我离任时,在伯克利实验室和伯克利分校,一些非常激动人心的能源研究机构已经建立起来了。
I am extremely privileged to be part of the Obama administration. If there ever was a time to help steer America and the world towards a path of sustainable energy, now is the time. The message the President is delivering is not one of doom and gloom, but of optimism and opportunity. I share this optimism. The task ahead is daunting, but we can and will succeed.
能够成为奥巴马施政团队的一员,我感到极其荣幸。如果有一个时机,可以引导美国和全世界走上可持续能源的道路,那么这个时机就是现在。总统已经发出 信息,未来并非在劫难逃,而是乐观的,我们依然有机会。我也抱有这种乐观主义。我们面前的任务令人生畏,但是我们能够并且将会成功。
We know some of the answers already. There are immediate and significant savings in energy efficiency and conservation. Energy efficiency is not just low-hanging fruit; it is fruit lying on the ground. For example, we have the potential to make buildings 80 percent more efficient with investments that will pay for themselves in less than 15 years. Buildings consume 40 percent of the energy we use, and a transition to energy efficient buildings will cut our carbon emissions by one-third.
我们已经有了一些答案,可以立竿见影地节约能源和提高能源使用效率。它们不是挂在枝头的水果,而是已经成熟掉在地上了,就看我们愿不愿意捡起来。比 如,我们有办法将楼宇的耗电减少80%,增加的投资在15年内就可以收回来。楼宇的耗电占我们能源消费的40%,节能楼宇的推广将使我们二氧化碳的释放减 少三分之一。
We are revving up the remarkable American innovation machine that will be the basis of a new American prosperity. We will invent much improved methods to harness the sun, the wind, nuclear power, and capture and sequester the carbon dioxide emitted from our power plants. Advanced bio-fuels and the electrification of personal vehicles make us less dependent on foreign oil.
我们正在加速美国这座巨大的创新机器,这将是下一次美国大繁荣的基础。我们将大量投资有效利用太阳能、风能、核能的新方法,大量投资能够捕获和隔离电厂废气中的二氧化碳的方法。先进的生物燃料和电力汽车将使得我们不再那么依赖外国的石油。
In the coming decades, we will almost certainly face higher oil prices and be in a carbon-constrained economy. We have the opportunity to lead in development of a new, industrial revolution. The great hockey player, Wayne Gretzky, when asked, how he positions himself on the ice, he replied," I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it's been." America should do the same.
在未来的几十年中,我们几乎肯定会面对更高的油价和更严厉的二氧化碳限制排放政策。这是一场新的工业革命,美国有机会充当领导者。伟大的冰上曲棍球选手Wayne Gretzky被问到,他如何在冰上跑位,回答说:"我滑向球下一步的位置,而不是它现在的位置。"美国也应该这样做。
The Obama administration is laying a new foundation for a prosperous and sustainable energy future, but we don't have all of the answers. That's where you come in. In this address, I am asking you, the Harvard graduates, to join us. As our future intellectual leaders, take the time to learn more about what's at stake, and then act on that knowledge. As future scientists and engineers, I ask you to give us better technology solutions. As future economists and political scientists, I ask you to create better policy options. As future business leaders, I ask that you make sustainability an integral part of your business.
奥巴马政府正在为美国的繁荣和可持续能源,打下新的基础。但是我们无法为所有问题都找到答案。这就需要你们的参与。在本次演讲中,我请求在座各位哈佛毕业生加入我们。你们是我们未来的智力领袖,请花时间加深理解目前的危险局势,然后采取相应的行动。你们是未来的科学家和工程师,我要求你们给我们更好的技术方案。你们是未来的经济学家和政治学家,我要求你们创造更好的政策选择。你们是未来的企业家,我要求你们将可持续发展作为你们业务中不可分割的一部分。
Finally, as humanists, I ask that you speak to our common humanity. One of the cruelest ironies about climate change is that the ones who will be hurt the most are the most innocent: the worlds poorest and those yet to be born.
最后,你们是人道主义者,我要求你们为了人道主义说话。气候变化带来的最残酷的讽刺之一,就是最受伤害的人,恰恰就是最无辜的人----那些世界上最穷的人们和那些还没有出生的人。
The coda to this last movement is borrowed from two humanists.
这个最后乐章的完结部是引用两个人道主义者的话。
The first quote is from Martin Luther King. He spoke on ending the war in Vietnam in 1967, but his message seems so fitting for today's climate crisis:
第一段引语来自马丁•路德•金。这是1967年他对越南战争结束的评论,但是看上去非常适合用来评论今天的气候危机。
"This call for a worldwide fellowship that lifts neighborly concern beyond one's tribe, race, class, and nation is in reality a call for an all-embracing and unconditional love for all mankind. This oft misunderstood, this oft misinterpreted concept, so readily dismissed by the Nietzsches of the world as a weak and cowardly force, has now become an absolute necessity for the survival of man ... We are now faced with the fact, my friends, that tomorrow is today. We are confronted with the fierce urgency of now. In this unfolding conundrum of life and history, there is such a thing as being too late."
"我呼吁全世界的人们团结一心,抛弃种族、肤色、阶级、国籍的隔阂;我呼吁包罗一切、无条件的对全人类的爱。你会因此遭受误解和误读,信奉尼采哲学的世人会认定你是一个软弱和胆怯的懦夫。但是,这是人类存在下去的绝对必需。......我的朋友,眼前的事实就是,明天就是今天。此刻,我们面临最紧急的情况。在变幻莫测的生活和历史之中,有一样东西叫做悔之晚矣。"
The final message is from William Faulkner. On December 10th, 1950, his Nobel Prize banquet speech was about the role of humanists in a world facing potential nuclear holocaust.
第二段引语来自威廉•福克纳。1950年12月10月,他在诺贝尔奖获奖晚宴上发表演说,谈到了世界在核战争的阴影之下,人道主义者应该扮演什么样的角色。
"I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. The poet's, the writer's, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past."
"我相信人类不仅能忍耐,而且会获胜。人类是不朽的,这不是因为万物当中仅仅他会无穷尽的呼喊,而是因为他有一个灵魂,有同情心、牺牲精神和忍耐力。诗人和作家的责任就是写这些东西。他们的特权正是通过鼓舞人类,唤起人类原有的荣耀----勇气、荣誉、希望、自尊、怜悯之心和牺牲精神,去帮助人类学会忍耐。"
Graduates, you have an extraordinary role to play in our future. As you pursue your private passions, I hope you will also develop a passion and a voice to help the world in ways both large and small. Nothing will give you greater satisfaction.
各位毕业生同学,你们在我们的未来中扮演举足轻重的角色。当你们追求个人的志向时,我希望你们也会发扬奉献精神,积极发声,在大大小小各个方面帮助改进这个世界。这会给你们带来最大的满足感。
Please accept my warmest congratulations. May you prosper, may you help preserve and save our planet for your children, and all future children of the world.
最后,请接受我最热烈的祝贺。希望你们成功,也希望你们保护和拯救我们这个星球,为了你们的孩子,以及未来所有的孩子。
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何江在中国湖南农村长大、上大学才第一次进城,家里经济条件一般,母亲甚至不识字。但凭借自己的努力,何江本科在中国科技大学获得了最高荣誉奖——郭沫若奖学金,随后他进入哈佛大学硕博连读,毕业后将赴麻省理工学院进行博士后研究。今天读文网小编给大家分享一篇何江在哈佛毕业典礼上的演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
When I was in middle school, a poisonous spider bit my right hand. I ran to my mom for help—but instead of taking me to a doctor, my mom set my hand on fire.
在我读初中的时候,有一次,一只毒蜘蛛咬伤了我的右手。我问我妈妈该怎么处理---我妈妈并没有带我去看医生,她而是决定用火疗的方法治疗我的伤口。
After wrapping my hand with several layers of cotton, then soaking it in wine, she put a chopstick into my mouth,and ignited the cotton. Heat quickly penetrated the cotton and began to roast my hand. The searing pain made me want to scream, but the chopstick prevented it. All I could do was watch my hand burn - one minute, then two minutes –until mom put out the fire.
她在我的手上包了好几层棉花,棉花上喷撒了白酒,在我的嘴里放了一双筷子,然后打火点燃了棉花。热量逐渐渗透过棉花,开始炙烤我的右手。灼烧的疼痛让我忍不住想喊叫,可嘴里的筷子却让我发不出声来。我只能看着我的手被火烧着,一分钟,两分钟,直到妈妈熄灭了火苗。
You see, the part of China I grew up in was a rural village, and at that time pre-industrial. When I was born, my village had no cars, no telephones, no electricity, not even running water. And we certainly didn’t have access to modern medical resources. There was no doctor my mother could bring me to see about my spider bite.
你看,我在中国的农村长大,在那个时候,我的村庄还是一个类似前工业时代的传统村落。在我出生的时候,我的村子里面没有汽车,没有电话,没有电,甚至也没有自来水。我们自然不能轻易的获得先进的现代医疗资源。那个时候也没有一个合适的医生可以来帮我处理蜘蛛咬伤的伤口。
For those who study biology, you may have grasped the science behind my mom’s cure: heat deactivates proteins, and a spider’s venom is simply a form of protein. It’s cool how that folk remedy actually incorporates basic biochemistry, isn’t it? But I am a PhD student in biochemistry at Harvard, I now know that better, less painful and less risky treatments existed. So I can’t help but ask myself, why I didn’t receive one at the time?
在座的如果有生物背景的人,你们或许已经理解到了我妈妈使用的这个简单的治疗手段的基本原理:高热可以让蛋白质变性,而蜘蛛的毒液也是一种蛋白质。这样一种传统的土方法实际上有它一定的理论依据,想来也是挺有意思的。但是,作为哈佛大学生物化学的博士,我现在知道在我初中那个时候,已经有更好的,没有那么痛苦的,也没有那么有风险的治疗方法了。于是我便忍不住会问自己,为什么我在当时没有能够享用到这些更为先进的治疗方法呢?
Fifteen years have passed since that incident. I am happy to report that my hand is fine. But this question lingers, and I continue to be troubled by the unequal distribution of scientific knowledge throughout the world. We have learned to edit the human genome and unlock many secrets of how cancer progresses. We can manipulate neuronal activity literally with the switch of a light. Each year brings more advances in biomedical research-exciting, transformative accomplishments.
蜘蛛咬伤的事故已经过去大概十五年了。我非常高兴的向在座的各位报告一下,我的手还是完好的。但是,我刚刚提到的这个问题这些年来一直停在我的脑海中,而我也时不时会因为先进科技知识在世界上不同地区的不平等分布而困扰。现如今,我们人类已经学会怎么进行人类基因编辑了,也研究清楚了很多个癌症发生发展的原因。我们甚至可以利用一束光来控制我们大脑内神经元的活动。每年生物医学的研究都会给我们带来不一样突破和进步——其中有不少令人振奋,也极具革命颠覆性的成果。
Yet, despite the knowledge we have amassed, we haven’t been so successful in deploying it to where it’s needed most. According to the World Bank, twelve percent of the world’s population lives on less than $2 a day. Malnutrition kills more than 3 million children annually. Three hundred million people are afflicted by malaria globally. All over the world, we constantly see these problems of poverty, illness, and lack of resources impeding the flow of scientific information. Lifesaving knowledge we take for granted in the modern world is often unavailable in these underdeveloped regions.And in far too many places, people are still essentially trying to cure a spider bite with fire.
然而,尽管我们人类已经在科研上有了无数的建树,在怎样把这些最前沿的科学研究带到世界最需要该技术的地区这件事情上,我们有时做的差强人意。世界银行的数据显示,世界上大约有12%的人口每天的生活水平仍然低于2美元。营养不良每年导致三百万儿童死亡。将近3亿人口仍然受到疟疾的干扰。在世界各地,我们经常看到类似的由贫穷,疾病和自然匮乏导致的科学知识传播的受阻。现代社会里习以为常的那些救生常识经常在这些欠发达或不发达地区未能普及。于是,在世界上仍有很多地区,人们只能依赖于用火疗这一简单粗暴的方式来治理蜘蛛咬伤事故。
While studying at Harvard, I saw how scientific knowledge can help others in simple, yet profound ways. The bird flu pandemic in the 2000s looked to my village like a spell cast by demons. Our folk medicine didn’t even have half-measures to offer. What’s more, farmers didn’t know the difference between common cold and flu; they didn’t understand that the flu was much more lethal than the common cold. Most people were also unaware that the virus could transmit across different species.
在哈佛读书期间,我有切身体会到先进的科技知识能够既简单又深远的帮助到社会上很多的人。本世纪初的时候,禽流感在亚洲多个国家肆虐。那个时候,村庄里的农民听到禽流感就像听到恶魔施咒一样,对其特别的恐惧。乡村的土医疗方法对这样一个疾病也是束手无策。农民对于普通感冒和流感的区别并不是很清楚,他们并不懂得流感比普通感冒可能更加致命。而且,大部分人对于科学家所发现的流感病毒能够跨不同物种传播这一事实并不清楚。
So when I realized that simple hygiene practices like separating different animal species could contain the spread of the disease, and that I could help make this knowledge available to my village, that was my first “Aha” moment as a budding scientist. But it was more than that: it was also a vital inflection point in my own ethical development, my own self-understanding as a member of the global community.
于是,在我意识到这些知识背景,及简单的将受感染的不同物种隔离开来以减缓疾病传播,并决定将这些知识传递到我的村庄时,我的心里第一次有了一种作为未来科学家的使命感。但这种使命感不只停在知识层面,它也是我个人道德发展的重要转折点,我自我理解的作为国际社会一员的责任感。
Harvard dares us to dream big, to aspire to change the world. Here on this Commencement Day, we are probably thinking of grand destinations and big adventures that await us. As for me, I am also thinking of the farmers in my village. My experience here reminds me how important it is for researchers to communicate our knowledge to those who need it. Because by using the science we already have, we could probably bring my village and thousands like it into the world you and I take for granted every day. And that’s an impact every one of us can make!
哈佛的教育教会我们学生敢于拥有自己的梦想,勇于立志改变世界。在毕业典礼这样一个特别的日子,我们在座的毕业生都会畅想我们未来的伟大征程和冒险。对我而言,我在此刻不可避免的还会想到我的家乡。我成长的经历教会了我作为一个科学家,积极的将我们所会的知识传递给那些急需这些知识的人是多么的重要。因为利用那些我们已经拥有的科技知识,我们能够轻而易举的帮助我的家乡,还有千千万万类似的村庄,让他们生活的世界变成一个我们现代社会看起来习以为常的场所,而这样一件事,是我们每一个毕业生都能够做的,也力所能及能够做到的。
But the question is, will we make the effort or not?
但问题是,我们愿意来做这样的努力吗?
More than ever before,our society emphasizes science and innovation. But an equally important emphasis should be on distributing the knowledge we have to where it’s needed. Changing the world doesn’t mean that everyone has to find the next big thing. It can be as simple as becoming better communicators, and finding more creative ways to pass on the knowledge we have to people like my mom and the farmers in their local community. Our society also needs to recognize that the equal distribution of knowledge is a pivotal step of human development, and work to bring this into reality.
比以往任何时候都多,我们的社会强调科学和创新。但我们社会同样需要注意的一个重心是分配知识到那些真正需要的地方。改变世界并不意味着每个人都要做一个大突破。改变世界可以非常简单。它可以简单得变成作为世界不同地区的沟通者,并找出更多创造性的方法将知识传递给像我母亲或农民这样的群体。同时,改变世界也意味着我们的社会,作为一个整体,能够更清醒的认识到科技知识的更加均衡的分布,是人类社会发展的一个关键环节,而我们也能够一起奋斗将此目标变成现实。
And if we do that, then perhaps a teenager in rural China who is bitten by a spider will not have to burn his hand, but will know to seek a doctor instead.
如果我们能够做到这些,或许,将来有一天,一个在农村被毒蜘蛛咬伤的少年或许不用火疗这样粗暴的方法来治疗伤口,而是去看医生得到更为先进的医疗护理。
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雪莉·桑德伯格是美国计算机领域精英女性企业家,现任Facebook首席运营官和首位女性董事会成员,负责Facebook的销售、营销、收购、合作、人士、公共政策和联络事宜。今天读文网小编给大家分享一篇雪莉桑德伯格在清华2015毕业典礼上的演讲“命运偏爱勇者 向前一步”,希望对大家有所帮助。
钱颖一院长、杰出的清华经管学院的教师们、自豪的毕业生亲属、鼎力支持他们的朋友们、以及更重要的是,清华经管学院2015届的毕业生们:
我很荣幸今天来到这里为你们做毕业典礼演讲。同我的老板马克•扎克伯格不一样的是,我不会讲中文。为此我感到抱歉。但是,他请我用中文转达他对大家的问候——祝贺。今天能在这里祝贺优秀的同学们毕业,我感到非常兴奋。
当钱颖一院长邀请我今天来做演讲时,我想,来给远比我年轻比我酷的人演讲?这事儿我能做。我在Facebook每天都要做这样的事情。因为扎克伯格比我小15岁,并且我们的大多数员工是他的同龄人,而不是我这个年龄的。我喜欢和年轻人在一起,除非他们问我“你在大学时没有手机用是怎样的日子?”甚至更糟糕的问题是,“谢丽尔,你能过来一下吗?我们想知道岁数大的人对这个新功能有什么看法?”
我1991年从哈佛大学本科毕业,获得经济学学士学位;1995年从哈佛商学院毕业,获得MBA学位——所以可以说,我上了美国的清华大学。其实这并不是那么久远的事情。但是我能告诉你们的是,这个世界在这短短的25年当中发生了翻天覆地的变化。在哈佛商学院时,我所在的班级曾尝试进行学院的第一次在线课程。我们当时必须给每人发一张写有我们网名的列表,因为那时在网上使用真名是件让人难以想象的事。但是最后还是没有搞成,因为电脑系统不断崩溃——当时根本无法实现90人同时在线交流。
不过在系统崩溃之间的几个短暂瞬间里,我们窥见了未来——一个技术可以实现我们和同事、家人、朋友连接在一起的未来。现在的世界已经是我坐在你们这个位置时难以想象的世界了。而从现在起的未来25年,你们将帮助塑造属于你们这一代人的世界。
作为清华的毕业生,你们不仅将成为中国的领袖,还将成为全球的领袖。中国在教育程度及经济增长方面都已是世界的领先者。不仅是政界和商界的领袖们认识到中国的重要性,许多美国的父母也认识到了这一点。在我所居住的旧金山湾区,最难进的中小学校正是那些教汉语的学校。
但事实是,国家不能领导,要靠人来领导。
从今天毕业起,就开启了你们成为领导者的征程。你会成为什么样的领导者?你会对他人产生多大的影响?你将会在世界上留下什么样的印记?
在Facebook公司里,我们的墙上贴着提醒我们要有远大目标的海报——挑战自我每一天都要做得更多。这些海报中蕴含了一些重要的有关领导力的经验——今天,我想分享其中我认为会对你们有意义的四点。
命运偏爱勇者
Facebook公司之所以存在,是因为扎克伯格相信,通过科技实现个人之间的互联,可以使这个世界变得更美好。他深信于此,以至于从哈佛大学本科辍学去追求自己的理想,并且这些年来他一直为此奋斗不止。扎克伯格靠的不是运气,而是勇气。
能像扎克伯格那样这么早就发现自己的热情所在,是一件不同寻常的事。我花了长得多的时间才发现自己到底想做什么。在我穿着学位服参加毕业典礼时,我无论如何也想不到自己会到Facebook工作,因为那时互联网还不存在——并且扎克伯格当时只有11岁。我当时想我只会在政府或者非营利组织工作,因为我相信这些机构或组织可以让世界变得更美好,而公司是以盈利为导向的。但是,当我在美国财政部工作的时候,我看到了科技公司在很大程度上影响着世界,于是我改变了自己的想法。因此,当我结束了在政府部门的工作后,我决定搬到硅谷去。
回过头看,这似乎是一个明智的举动。但是在2001年,这是个可被质疑的决定,因为那时科技泡沫刚刚破灭。大公司都在大规模裁员,小公司倒闭如潮。我给自己4个月的期限要找到一份工作,但是我足足花了将近一年的时间。在我最初接受的某次面试当中,有一个公司的首席执行官对我说:“我之所以面试你,完全是受朋友所托,但是我根本不会考虑聘用像你这样的人——在政府工作过的人无法胜任科技公司的工作。”
最终,我还是说服了某个公司雇佣了我。14年过去了,我仍然热爱在科技公司工作。这虽然不是我的初衷,但是我最终还是找到了我的热情所在。
我希望,如果你在一条道路上前行,却发现自己的心另有所属,那么就请你去独辟蹊径,以到达理想的彼岸。如果一次没有成功,请继续锲而不舍地尝试。直到找到能点燃你激情的,对自己、对他人都有意义的工作。能将激情和奉献完美结合是一种奢侈。一旦达成,幸福将至。
反馈是一种本领
在Facebook,我知道决定我工作绩效的最重要的因素是我与扎克伯格的关系。当我刚加入Facebook公司时,我就让他做出承诺,每星期都要给我工作反馈,这样任何困扰他的事情都可以尽快讨论。他不仅爽快地答应了,并且立即说他也希望我也对他做反馈。在最初的几年当中,我们都坚持这样的惯例,每周五下午见面谈论我们所关心的事情,事无巨细。几年下来,分享真实的意见已经成为我们关系当中很自然的一部分,我们现在随时会这么做,而不必再等到周五了。
从自己老板那里获得反馈很重要,但是从自己的下属那里获得反馈也同样至关重要。这绝非易事,因为员工总是太过于渴望去取悦他们的上司,而不去批评或质疑他们的上司。
我最喜欢的一个例子是来自华尔街的。1990年,鲍勃•鲁宾成为高盛公司的首席执行官。上任满第一周,在查看公司账目时,他发现有一大笔在黄金上的投资。他问为什么会投资黄金?结果答案是,“因为您,先生。”“我?”他迷惑了。显然是因为在头一天他在交易所视察时曾经说过一句“黄金看起来有点意思”,结果这句话就被传成了“鲁宾喜欢黄金”,然后就有人花了几百万美元来讨老板的欢心。
我也遇到过类似的挑战,当然比这事的影响要在小一些的量级上。我刚加入Facebook时,我的职责之一是建立公司的商业运作——但与此同时还不能破坏成就Facebook的那种工程技术驱动的文化。所以我尝试做的一件事就是鼓励人们在和我开会时不要做正式的电子演示文稿。最开始我讲得很客气,结果所有人都无视我的要求,仍然在做电子演示文稿。大概过了两年吧,我就说,“好了,我通常不喜欢立规矩,但我现在必须定个规矩,和我开会时谁也不能再做电子演示文稿了。”
大约一个月之后,当我正要对我们的全球销售团队讲话时,一个同事对我说,“在你上台之前,有件事你应该知道,大家对你规定的‘和客户会面不做电子演示文稿’的规定很有意见。”我感到很震惊,我从来没有禁止过给客户做电子演示文稿!我只是不希望他们在和我开会的时候用电子演示文稿。和客户展示产品时怎么能不做电子演示文稿?所以我上台就说,“首先,我说的是和我开会时不用电子演示文稿。其次,下次你们再听到坏点子——就像和客户会面不做电子演示文稿这类——请大声说出来。哪怕你知道那话是我说的,请告诉我这是错误的!”
一个好的领导者知道大部分雇员不愿意挑战权威,所以领导者就有义务主动要求反馈。我从电子演示文稿事件中吸取了教训。我现在经常问我的同事“有哪些地方我还能做得更好?”我总是对那些敢于对我说实话的人心怀感激,并且当众表扬他们。我深信只有你和你的同事并肩做战,只有当你不仅指挥而且也聆听时,你才能成为最好的领导。
以身作则
当我刚入职场时,我观察那些身处领导岗位的人时会想,“他们太幸运了,他们有那么大的掌控力。”所以你们可以想象得到,当我在商学院选修领导力课程时被告知,职位越高将会越依赖他人时,我有多么地惊讶。说实话,那时候我认为教授讲的是错的。
其实教授讲的是对的。我依赖我的销售团队,而不是反过来。如果他们达不到销售目标,是我的责任。作为领导者,我所要实现的不仅是竭尽个人之所能,而是要让我的团队中的所有人发挥自己的能力。
不同国家的企业运作都有其特定的文化特点。但我相信有一些领导力的原则是世界通用的——其中一条就是激发总是好过指示。是的,在多数组织里,员工总是按照老板的指示来做事。但是伟大的领导者不仅仅只是需要完全的服从,他们想要的是激发出员工心底的热情,完全的信任及真正的敬业精神。他们不仅仅是要得到团队的智慧,而是要赢得他们的心。如果他们相信公司的使命并且对你也信之如笃,那么他们就不仅仅只是把日常任务完成好,而且是以真正的热情来投入这些工作。
没有人能像我挚爱的丈夫大卫•高德伯格那样赢得那么多人的心,他不幸在两个月前突然去世。大卫是一个真正能激发人的领导者。他为人和善、待人慷慨,思维深刻。他提升了他周围每一个人的业绩水平。他是SurveyMonkey公司的首席执行官,这是他帮助建立起来的一个极为出色的公司,他是为了我和我们的孩子才这样去做的。
我们的一个朋友、硅谷著名的风险投资人比尔•格雷,写过一篇短文号召人们“向大卫那样”。比尔写到,“大卫向我们所有人完整地展示了怎样做一个伟大的人……但是这并不让人有挫折感,因为大卫的伟大并不是好竞争的或威胁他人的,他的伟大是柔和的,触动心灵的,无私的。他是领导者‘以身作则’理念的经典标杆。”
哈佛商学院弗朗西斯•福雷教授曾经说过,“领导力表现在,因为你的存在能使他人变得更好,而且当你不在的时候你的影响力还能一直持续。”就像大卫一样,你们也应该能在自己的职业生涯中为他人做到这一切。
向前一步
中国有句话叫“妇女能顶半边天”,这个说法被世界各地广为引用。女性在中国历史上及现在都扮演着特殊的角色。
当世界各国都在聚焦讨论女性的地位和发展的时候,我们曾在这里——北京讨论过这个问题。早在1995年,《北京宣言》和《行动纲领》,这两个号召女性全方位和平等地参与生活和决策的宣言和纲领,就由189个国家的政府在北京共同签署。去年,在这一历史性宣言20周年之际,各国领导人重聚在此,向人们传递这一北京承诺:男女平等。
但是,尽管我们认识到女性的重要性及力量,当我们审视各国的领导层时,仍然绝大多数由男性主导。在几乎所有国家——包括美国和中国,只有不到6%的顶尖企业是由女性来领导的。女性在各行各业的领导角色都少之又少。这意味着,在做出影响我们所有人福祉的决定时,女性的意见无法被平等地听取。
产生领导角色性别差异的原因很多——直接的性别歧视、女性需要承担更多的家庭责任、职场中缺乏灵活性,更为重要的是,我们带有的偏见。虽然全球各地的文化千差万别,但是我们对于男性与女性的偏见却惊人的相似。尽管女性的地位在中国及全球各地都在不断变化与演进,传统的预期与偏见却依然如故。直到今天,在美国、中国乃至全球各地,男性总被期待去领导、奋进、成功,而女性则被期待去分享、融通、屈从他人。我们期待男孩和男人展现领导力,但是当一个小女孩出头来领导时,英语中我们称她“专横”,中文则称之为“强势”。
其它一些社会因素也阻碍了女性的前进。女性通常被职业社交圈排除在外——比如“关系”——以及正式的、非正式的对职业发展至关重要的社交活动。在美国也是如此。在美国,男性通常选择去指导其他男性而不是女性。
我相信,如果男性能够承担起家庭的一半责任,女性承担起职场的一半责任,这个世界将会变得更加美好——好消息是,我们能够改变偏见,实现真正的平等。 我们能够支持职场中的女性领导者。我们能够在家庭中找到更多的平衡,父亲帮助母亲打理家务、抚养子女;更加平等的婚姻会获得更多幸福;更积极主动的父亲能够培养出更成功的子女。我们可以走到说小女孩“专横”的人面前说:“那个女孩不是专横,她具有高级的领导才华。”
我想澄清一点——平等不仅仅只对女性有益,而是对所有人都有益。职场中女性的参与是经济增长的主要动力之一。那些充分发挥所有人才能的公司要远远比没有认识到这点的公司更加成功。去年站在这个位置演讲的阿里巴巴创始人马云曾经说过,“阿里巴巴成功的秘诀之一是因为我们有很多女性……没有女性,就没有阿里巴巴。”在阿里巴巴公司,有40%的员工是女性,并且有35%的高层管理者是女性——这远远超过世界上多数公司。
伟大的领导者不仅仅培养与他们相像的人,他们培养每一个人。如果你想成为一个伟大的领导者,无论在公司里还是团队中,在培养男性员工的同时也要注意培养女性员工。
我们的女性同行也可以帮助我们自身的发展。当2013年《向前一步》这本书出版的时候,我们成立了LeanIn.Org。这是一个非营利性组织,旨在帮助女性实现自己的目标。LeanIn.Org通过组织Lean In Circles互组小组来达到个体间互相帮助的目的。小组成员通过定期见面来相互分享并互助学习。目前,在超过100个国家里大约有2.3万个这样的互助小组。
我见到的第一个国际Lean In Circle互助小组就是在北京——一群年轻的职业女性聚集在一起,支持彼此的职业理想并挑战“剩女”这个称谓。在过去的两年间,她们已经在全中国建立了互助网络,从职业白领到大学生——女性和男性一起来支持平等权利。其中一个互助小组就在清华,今天上午我还与她们见了面。她们对学业及职业前景的热情深深地打动了我。其中一个成员告诉我:“我加入清华互助小组以后开始深刻领会到‘得道多助’这句中国谚语的意思。”
我相信,你们这一代人将会在解决男女平等问题上比我们这一代做得更好。我们寄希望于你们,你们是一个更加平等的世界的希望所在。
今天是一个欢庆的日子,一个庆祝你们成就的日子,一个几经努力换来的时刻。
今天是一个感恩的日子,一个应该感谢那些帮助过你们获得今天成绩的人们的日子——是他们培育了你,教导了你,带给了你的欢乐并擦干了你的眼泪。
今天是个值得思考的日子,一个应该思考你想成为什么样的领导者的日子。
我坚信你们将是未来的领导者,不仅是中国的领导者,也是世界的领导者。对你们每个人,我送上四个祝愿:
1、祝愿你勇敢而幸运。命运偏爱勇者。
2、祝愿你给予并收到你需要的反馈。反馈是一种本领。
3、祝愿你给身边每个人以力量。以身作则。
4、祝愿你支持男女平等。向前一步!
祝贺你们!
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娜塔丽·波特曼是美国女演员,2011年获得了奥斯卡最佳女主角奖,今天读文网小编给大家分享一篇娜塔丽·波特曼在哈佛大学2015毕业典礼上的精彩演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
Hello, class 2015.I am so honored to be here today. Dean Khurana, faculty, parents, and most especially graduate students. Thank you so much for inviting me. The Senior Class Committee. It’s genuinely one of the most exciting things I’ve ever been asked to do. I have to admit primarily because I can’t deny it as it was leaked in the WikiLeaks release of the Sony hack that when I was invited I replied and I directly quote my own email. “Wow, it is so nice! I’m gonna need some funny ghost writers. Any ideas?” This initial response now blessedly public was from the knowledge that at my class day we were lucky enough to have Will Ferrel as class day speaker and that many of us were hung-over, or even freshly high mainly wanted to laugh. So I have to admit that today, even 12 years after graduation I’m still insecure about my own worthiness. I have to remind myself today you’re here for a reason. Today I feel much like I did when I came to Harvard Yard as a freshman in 1999. When you guys were, to my continued shock and horror, still in kindergarten. I felt like there had been some mistake. That I wasn’t smart enough to be in this company, and that every time I opened my mouth, I would have to prove that I wasn’t just a dumb actress. So I start with an apology. This won’t be very funny. I’m not a comedian. And I didn’t get a ghost writer. But I’m here to tell you today, Harvard is giving you all diplomas tomorrow. You are here for a reason. Sometimes your insecurities and your inexperience
may lead you, too to embrace other people’s expectations, standards, or values. But you can harness that inexperience to carve out your own path, one that is free of the burden of knowing how things are supposed to be, a path that is defined by its own particular set of reasons. The other day I went to an amusement park with my soon-to-be 4-year-old son. And I watched him play arcade games. He was incredibly focused, throwing his ball at the target. Jewish mother that I am, I skipped 20 steps and was already imagining him as a major league player with what is his aim and his arm and his concentration. But then I realized what he want. He was playing to trade in his tickets for the crappy plastic toys. The prize was much more exciting than the game to get it. I of course wanted to urge him to take joy and the challenge of the game, the improvement upon practice, the satisfaction of doing something well, and even feeling the accomplishment when achieving the game’s goals. But all of these aspects were shaded by the little 10 cent plastic men with sticky stretchy blue arms that adhere to the walls. That- that was the prize. In a child’s nature, we see many of our own innate tendencies. I saw myself in him and perhaps you do too. Prizes serve as false idols everywhere. Prestige, wealth, fame, power. You’ll be exposed to many of these, if not all. Of course, part of why I was invited to come to speak today, beyond my being a proud alumna, is that I’ve recruited some very coveted toys in my life. Including a not so plastic, not so crappy one and Oscar. So we bumpup against the common troll I think of the commencement address people who have achieved a lot telling you that the fruits of the achievement are not always to be trusted. But I think that contradiction can be reconciled and is in fact instructive. Achievement is wonderful when you know why you’re doing it. And when you don’t know, it can be terrible trap. I went to a public high school on Long Island, Syosset High School. Ooh, hell, Syosset! The girls I went to school with had Prada bags and flat ironed hair. And they spoke with an accent. I who had moved there at age 9 from Connecticut mimicked to fit in. Florida Oranges Chocolate Cherries. Since I’m ancient and the Internet was just starting when I was in high school. People didn’t really pay that much of attention to the fact that I was an actress. I was known mainly at school for having a back pack bigger than I was and always having white-out on my hands, because I hated seeing anything crossed out in my note books. I was voted for my senior yearbook “most likely to be an contestant on Jeopardy” or code for nerdiest. When I got to Harvard just after the release of Star Wars: Episode 1, I knew I would be starting over in terms of how people viewed me. I feared people would have assumed I’d gotten in just for being famous, and that they would think that I was not worthy of the intellectual rigor here. And it would not have been far from the truth. When I came here I had never written a 10-page paper before. I’m not even sure I’ve written a 5-page paper. I was alarmed and intimidated by the calm eyes of fellow student who came here from Dalton or Exeter who thought that compared to high school the workload here was easy. I was completely overwhelmed and thought that reading 1,000 pages a week was unimaginable, that writing a 50-page thesis is just something I could never do. I had no idea how to declare my intentions. I couldn’t even articulate them to myself. I’ve been acting since I was 11. But I thought acting was too frivolous and certainly not meaningful. I came from a family of academics and was very concerned of being taken seriously. In contrast to my inability to declare myself, on my first day of orientation freshman year, five separate students introduced themselves to me by saying, I’m going to be president. Remember I told you that. Their names, for the record, were Bernie Sanders, Marco Rubio, Ted Cruz, Barack Obama, and Hilary Clinton. In all seriousness, I believed every one of them. Their bearing and self-confidence alone seemed proof of their prophecy where I couldn’t shake my self-doubt. I got in only because I was famous. This was how others saw me and it was how I saw myself. Driven by these insecurities, I decided I was going to find something to do in Harvard that was serious and meaningful that would change the world and make it a better place. At the age of 18, I’d already been acting for 7 years and assumed I find a more serious and profound path in college. So freshman fall I decided to take neurobiology and advanced modern Hebrew literature because I was serious and intellectual.
Needless to say, I should have failed both. I got Bs, for your information, and to this day, every Sunday I burn a small effigy to the pagan Gods of grade inflation. But as I was fighting my way through Aleph Bet Yod Y shua in Hebrew and the different mechanisms of neuro-response, I saw friends around me writing papers on sailing and pop culture magazines, and professors teaching classed on fairy tales and The Matrix. I realized that seriousness for seriousness’s sake was its own kind of trophy, and a dubious one, a pose I sought to counter some half-imagined argument about who I was. There was a reason that I was an actor. I love what I do. And I saw from my peers and my mentors that it was not only an acceptable reason, it was the best reason. When I got to my graduation, sitting where you sit today, after 4 years of trying to get excited about something else, I admitted to myself that I couldn’t wait to go back and make more films. I wanted to tell stories, to imagine the lives of others and help others do the same. I have found or perhaps reclaimed my reason. You have a prize now or at lease you will tomorrow. The prize is a Harvard degree in your hand. But what id your reason behind it? My Harvard degree represents, for me, the curiosity and invention that were encouraged here, the friendships I’ve sustained the way Professor Graham told me not to describe the way light hit a flower but rather the shadow the flower cast, the way Professor Scarry talked about theatre is a transformative religious force how professor Coslin showed how much our visual cortex is activated just by imagining. Now granted these things don’t necessarily help me answer the most common question I’m asked: What designer are you wearing? What’s your fitness regime? Any makeup tips? But I have never since been embarrassed to myself as what I might previously have thought was a stupid question. My Harvard degree and other awards are emblems of the experiences which led me to them. The wood paneled lecture halls, the colorful fall leaves, the hot vanilla Toscaninis, reading great novels in overstuffed library chairs, running through dining halls screaming: Ooh! Ah! City steps!City steps!City steps!City steps! It’s easy now to romanticize my time here. But I had some very difficult times here too. Come combination of being 19, dealing with my first heartbreak, taking birth control pills that have since been taken off the market for their depressive side effects, and spending too much time missing daylight during winter months led me to some pretty dark moments, particularly during sophomore year. There were several occasions where I started crying in meeting with professors overwhelmed with what I was supposed to pull off when I could barely get myself out of bed in the morning. Moments when I took in the motto for my school work. Done. Not good. If only I could finish my work, even if it took eating a jumbo pack of sour Patch Kids to get me through a single 10-page paper. I felt that I’ve accomplished a great feat. I repeat to myself. Done. Not good. A couple of years ago, I went to Tokyo with my
husband and I ate the most remarkable sushi restaurant. I don’t even eat fish. I’m vegan. So that tells you how good it was. Even with just vegetables, this sushi was the stuff you dreamed about. The restaurant has six seats. My husband and I marveled at how anyone can make rice so superior to all other rice. We wondered why they didn’t make a bigger restaurant and be the most popular place in town. Our local friends explains to us that all the best restaurants in Tokyo are that small and do only one type of dish: sushi or tempura or teriyaki. Because they want to do that thing well and beautifully. And it’s not about quantity. It’s about taking pleasure in the perfection and beauty of the particular. I’m still learning that it’s about good and maybe never done. And the joy and work ethic and virtuosity we bring to the particular can impart a singular type of enjoyment to those we give to and of course , to ourselves. In my professional life, it also took me time to find my own reasons for doing my work. The first film I was in came out in 1994. Again, appallingly, the year most of you were born. I was 13 years old upon the film’s release and I can still quote what the New York Times said about me verbatim. Ms Portman poses better than she acts. The film had a universally tepid critic response and went on to bomb commercially. That film was called The Professional, or Leon in Europe. And today, 20 years and 35 films later, it is still the film people approach me about the most to tell me how much they loved it, how much it moved them, how it’s their favorite
movie. I feel lucky that my first experience of releasing a film was initially such a disaster by all standards and measures. I learned early that my meaning had to be from the experience of making the film and the possibility of connecting with individuals rather than the foremost trophies in my industry: financial and critical success. And also these initial reactions could be false predictors of your work’s ultimate legacy. I started choosing only jobs that I’m passionate about and from which I knew I could glean meaningful experiences. This thoroughly confused everyone around me: agents, producers, and audiences alike. I made Gotya’s Ghost, a foreign independent film and studied art history visiting the produce everyday for 4 months as I read about Goya and the Spanish Inquisition. I made V for Vendetta, studio action movie for which I learned everything I could about freedom fighters whom otherwise may be called terrorists from Menachem Begin to Weather Underground. I made Your Highness, a pothead comedy with Danny McBride and laughed for 3 months straight. I was able to own y meaning and not have it determined by box office receipts or prestige. By the time I got to making Black Swan, the experience was entirely my own. I felt immune to the worst things anyone could say or write about me, and to whether the audience felt like to see my movie or not. It was instructive for me to see for ballet dancers once your technique gets to a certain level, the only thing that separates you from others is your quirks or even flaws. One
ballerina was famous for how she turned slightly off balanced. You can never be the best, technically. Some will always have a higher jump or a more beautiful line. The only thing you can be the best at is developing your own self. Authoring your own experience was very much what Black Swan itself was about. I worked with Darren Aronofsky the director who change my last line in the movie to It was perfect.Because my character Nina is only artistically successful when she finds perfection and pleasure for herself not when she was trying to be perfect in the eyes of others. So when Black Swan was successful financially and I began receiving accolades I felt honored and grateful to have connected with people. But the true core of my meaning I had already established. And I needed it to be independent of people reactions to me. People told me that Black Swan was an artistic risk. A scary challenge to try to portray a professional ballet dancer. But it didn’t feel like courage or daring that drive me do it. I was so oblivious to my own limits that I did things I was woefully unprepared to do. And so the very inexperience that in college had made me insecure made me want to play by others’ rules now is making me actually take risks. I didn’t even realize were risks. When Darren asked me if I could do ballet I told him I was basically a ballerina which by the way I wholeheartedly believed. When it quickly became clear that preparing for the film that I was 15 years away from being a ballerina. It made me work a million times harder and of course
the magic of cinema and body doubles helped the final effect. But the point is, if I had known my own limitations I never would have taken the risk. And the risk led to one of my greatest artistic personal experiences. And that I not only felt completely free, I also met my husband during the filming. Similarly, I just directed my first film. A tale of Love in Darkness. I was quite blind to the challenges ahead of me. The film is a period film, completely in Hebrew in which I also act with an eight-year-old child as a costar. All of these are challenges I should have been terrified of, as I was completely unprepared for them but my complete ignorance to my own limitations looked like confidence and got me into the director’s chair.Once there, I had to figure it all out, and my belief that I could handle these things contrary to all evidence of my ability to do so was only half the battle. The other half was very hard work. The experience was the deepest and most meaningful one of my career. Now clearly I’m not urging you to to and perform heart surgery without the knowledge to do so. Making movies admittedly has less drastic consequences than most professions and allows for a lot of effects that make up for mistakes. The thing I’m saying is , make use of the fact that you don’t doubt yourself too much right now. As we get older, we get more realistic, and that includes about our own abilities or lack thereof. And that realism does us no favors. People always talk about diving into things you’re afraid of. That never worked for me. If I’m afraid, I run away. And I would
probably urge my child to do the same. Fear protects us in many ways. What has served me is diving into my own obliviousness. Being more confident than I should be which everyone tends to decry American kids and those of us who have been grade inflated and ego inflated. Well, it can be a good thing if it makes you try things you never might have tried. Your inexperience is an asset, and will allow you to think in original and unconventional ways. Accept your lack of knowledge and use it as your asset. I know a famous violinist who told me that he can’t compose because he knows too many pieces so when he starts thinking of the note an existing piece immediately comes to mind. Just starting out one of your biggest strengths is not knowing how things are supposed to be. You can compose freely because your mind isn’t cluttered with too many pieces. And you don’t take for granted the way how things are. The only way you know how to do things is your own way. You here will all go on to achieve great things.There is no doubt about that. Each time you set out to do something new your inexperience can wither lead you down a path where you will conform to someone else’s values or you can forge your own path, even though you don’t realize that’s what you’re doing. If your reasons are your own, your path, even if it’s a strange and clumsy path, will be wholly yours, and you will control the rewards of what you do by making your internal life fulfilling. At the risk of sounding like a Miss America contestant, the most fulfilling things I’ve experienced have
truly been the human interactions: spending time with women in village banks in Mexico with FINCA micro finance organization, meeting young women who were the first and the only in their communities to attend secondary schools in rural Kenya with Free the Children group that built sustainable schools in developing countries tracking with gorilla conservationists in Rwanda. It’s a cliche, because it’s true, that helping others ends up helping you more than anyone. Getting out of your own concerns and caring about some else’s life for a while reminds you that you are not the center of the universe. And that in the ways we’re generous or not we can change the course of someone’s life. Even at work,the small feat of kindness crew members, directors, fellow actors have shown me have had the most lasting impact. And of course, first and foremost, the center of my world is the love that I share with my family and friends. I wish for you that your friends will be with you through it all as my friends from Harvard have been together since we graduated. My friends from school are still very close. We have nursed each other through heartaches and danced at each others’ weddings. We’ve held each other at funerals and rocked each other’s new babies.We worked together on projects, helped each other get jobs and thrown parties for when we’ve quit bad ones. And now our children are creating a second generation of friendship as we look at them toddling together. Haggard and disheveled working parents that we are. Grab the good people around you and don’t
let them go.The biggest asset this school offers you is a group of peers that will both be your family and your school for life. I remember always being pissed at the spring here in Cambridge. Tricking us into remembering a sunny yard full of laughing frisbee throwers. After 8 months of dark freezing library dwelling. It was like the school has managed to turn on the good weather as a last memory we should keep in mind that would make us want to come back. But as I get farther away from my years here I know that the power of this school is much deeper than weather control. It changed the very question that I was asking to quote one of my favorite thinkers Abraham Joshua Heschel: To be or not to be is not the question, the vital question is how to be and how not to be. Thank you. I can’t wait to see how you do all the beautiful things you will do.
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奥普拉是美国企业家和电视节目主持人,毕业于田纳西州立大学公演艺术及语音通讯学双学士学位,是美国第一位黑人亿万富翁,是当今世界上最具影响力的妇女之一,他主持的电视谈话节目“奥普拉脱口秀”连续16年取得同类节目第一的成绩。今天读文网小编给大家分享一篇奥普拉在哈佛大学的演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
Oh my goodness! I’m at Harvard! Wow! To President Faust, my fellow honorans, Carl [Muller] that was so beautiful, thank you so much, and James Rothenberg, Stephanie Wilson, Harvard faculty, with a special bow to my friend Dr. Henry Lewis Gates. All of you alumni, with a special bow to the Class of ’88, your hundred fifteen million dollars. And to you, members of the Harvard class of 2013! Hello!
我的天啊!我在哈...佛!真的!尊敬的Faust校长、和我一起获得荣誉学位的各位,Carl(注:Carl Muller哈佛校友会主席),真是太棒了,谢谢你们!还有James Rothenberg, Stephanie Wilson和哈佛的教职工们,特别感谢我的朋友Henry Lewis Gates博士(注:美国知名黑人教授)!感谢所有的哈佛校友,特别要感谢88届的毕业生,你们为哈佛捐出一亿一千五百万美元(注:哈佛历史上最多的一次同一班次校友捐款)。所有2013届的各位毕业生们!大家好!
I thank you for allowing me to be a part of the conclusion of this chapter of your lives and the commencement of your next chapter. To say that I’m honored doesn’t even begin to quantify the depth of gratitude that really accompanies an honorary doctorate from Harvard. Not too many little girls from rural Mississippi have made it all the way here to Cambridge. And I can tell you that I consider today as I sat on the stage this morning getting teary for you all and then teary for myself, I consider today a defining milestone in a very long and a blessed journey. My one hope today is that I can be a source of some inspiration. I’m going to address my remarks to anybody who has ever felt inferior or felt disadvantaged, felt screwed by life, this is a speech for the Quad.
感谢你们让我成为你们人生这一篇章的结束与下一篇章开始的纽带。对我而言,荣幸根本无法表达我内心深处对哈佛授予我荣誉学位的感激之情。不是每个来自密西西比州的农村小姑娘都能来到剑桥城的(注:哈佛位于波士顿郊剑桥城)。我可以告诉你们,当我今天早上坐在这个台上,为你们和我自己流下眼泪的时候,我觉得今天是我漫长并被祝福的人生旅途中的一个里程碑。我希望今天我能为你们带来一些启发。我的演讲是为那些曾在人生中感到自卑或觉得自己没有优势,甚至觉得生活一团糟的人,这就是我给哈佛带来的演讲。
Actually I was so honored I wanted to do something really special for you. I wanted to be able to have you look under your seats and there would be free master and doctor degrees but I see you got that covered already. I will be honest with you. I felt a lot of pressure over the past few weeks to come up with something that I could share with you that you hadn’t heard before because after all you all went to Harvard, I did not. But then I realized that you don’t have to necessarily go to Harvard to have a driven obsessive Type A personality. But it helps. And while I may not have graduated from here I admit that my personality is about as Harvard as they come. You know my television career began unexpectedly. As you heard this morning I was in the Miss Fire Prevention contest. That was when I was 16 years old in Nashville, Tennessee, and you had the requirement of having to have red hair in order to win up until the year that I entered. So they were doing the question and answer period because I knew I wasn’t going to win under the swimsuit competition. So during the question and answer period the question came “Why, young lady, what would you like to be when you grow up?” And by the time they got to me all the good answers were gone. So I had seen Barbara Walters on the “Today Show” that morning so I answered, “I would like to be a journalist. I would like to tell other people’s stories in a way that makes a difference in their lives and the world.” And as those words were coming out of my mouth I went whoa! This is pretty good! I would like to be a journalist. I want to make a difference. Well I was on television by the time I was 19 years old. And in 1986 I launched my own television show with a relentless determination to succeed at first. I was nervous about the competition and then I became my own competition raising the bar every year, pushing, pushing, pushing myself as hard as I knew. Sound familiar to anybody here? Eventually we did make it to the top and we stayed there for 25 years.
其实我真的很荣幸,因此我想为你们做些特别的事。我想要跟你们说,请看你们座位下面有免费硕士或博士学位证书,但是我发现你们已经有了。说实话,在过去的几个星期我感到很大的压力,因为我想要跟你们分享一些你们从没听到过的东西,毕竟你们都上了哈佛,而我没有。但后来我意识到其实并不是一定要上哈佛才能有一个驱动性强迫型的A型人格,当然上了哈佛还是有帮助的。虽然我没有从哈佛毕业,但我认为我的性格和哈佛的毕业生是一样。大家都知道,我的电视事业生涯开始的出乎意料。正如你们早上听到的,我当时在参加“防火小姐”比赛。那年我16岁(注:奥普拉出生于1954年,今年59岁),在田纳西州的纳什维尔。在我参加比赛那年之前,想赢的话你必须得是红头发女孩。在进行问答环节时,因为我知道我在泳装比赛中不会赢,所以当问答环节问道:“年轻的女士,你长大后想做什么?为什么?”等轮到我回答的时候,好答案都被之前的参赛者说完了。因为那天早上我正好在“今日秀”中看到了芭芭拉·怀特女士,所以我说:“我想成为一名新闻工作者,我想成为为人民带来一些在某种程度上能改变人民生活和改变世界的故事。”当我说出这些话时,我觉得:“哇!还挺不错的!我想做个记者,我要做出一番事业。”后来,19岁时我上了电视。在1986年,我推出了我自己的电视节目,一开始就下定决心要成功。我以前对比赛很紧张,后来我和自己竞争,每年设立一个更高的目标,一步一步地推到极限。对大家来说听着挺熟悉吧?最终,我们成功达到巅峰,并在那里待了25年。
The “Oprah Winfrey Show” was number one in our time slot for 21 years and I have to tell you I became pretty comfortable with that level of success. But a few years ago I decided, as you will at some point, that it was time to recalculate, find new territory, break new ground. So I ended the show and launched OWN, the Oprah Winfrey Network. The initials just worked out for me. So one year later after launching OWN, nearly every media outlet had proclaimed that my new venture was a flop. Not just a flop, but a big bold flop they call it. I can still remember the day I opened up USA Todayand read the headline “Oprah, not quite standing on her OWN.” I mean really, USA Today? Now that’s the nice newspaper! It really was this time last year the worst period in my professional life. I was stressed and I was frustrated and quite frankly I was actually I was embarrassed. It was right around that time that President Faust called and asked me to speak here and I thought you want me to speak to Harvard graduates? What could I possibly say to Harvard graduates, some of the most successful graduates in the world in the very moment when I had stopped succeeding? So I got off the phone with President Faust and I went to the shower. It was either that or a bag of Oreos. So I chose the shower. And I was in the shower a long time and as I was in the shower the words of an old hymn came to me. You may not know it. It’s “By and by, when the morning comes.” And I started thinking about when the morning might come because at the time I thought I was stuck in a hole. And the words came to me “Trouble don’t last always” from that hymn, “this too shall pass.” And I thought as I got out of the shower I am going to turn this thing around and I will be better for it. And when I do, I’m going to go to Harvard and I’m going to speak the truth of it! So I’m here today to tell you I have turned that network around!
“奥普拉秀”在同一时间段的电视节目中连续21年排名第一,我必须说我对于这个成功非常的满足。但是几年前,我觉得,在人生的某一时刻,你必须重新来过,找到新的领域,实现新的突破。所以我离开了“奥普拉秀”,以我的名字命名推出了我自己的电视网络“奥普拉·温福瑞电视网”,缩写正好是“OWN(自己的)”。在奥普拉·温福瑞电视网推出一年后,几乎所有的媒体都认为我的新项目是失败的。不仅仅是失败,他们称之为一个大写的失败。我还记得有一天我打开《今日美国报》时看到头条新闻说“ 奥普拉搞不定‘自己的’电视网”。不是吧,今日美国报啊?真是份好报纸....这正是去年我职业生涯最低谷的时刻。我压力超大近乎崩溃,老实说,我感到羞愧。就在那个时候,Faust校长打电话邀请我到哈佛做毕业演讲。我心想:“你让我给哈佛的毕业生演讲?我能跟这些世界上最成功的毕业生说什么?而我已经不再成功。”我挂了Faust校长的电话后去洗了个澡。要么去吃奥利奥要么去洗澡,我选择了洗澡。那个澡我洗了很长时间,在洗澡的时候我突然想到某首古老赞美诗中的一句话,你可能没听过“终于,清晨来临...”,之后我就想,我的黎明也许要来了。因为那时我觉得我被困在一个洞里了。我又想到那首古老赞美诗中的一句话:“困难只是暂时的,都会过去...”当我走出浴室时,我想:我遇到的麻烦同样会有结束的一天,我会将这一页翻过去,我会好起来的,等我做到了,我就去哈佛,把这个真实的故事告诉大家!今天我来了 并且想告诉你们我已经把“奥普拉·温福瑞电视网”带上正轨了。
And it was all because I wanted to do it by the time I got to speak to you all so thank you so much. You don’t know what motivation you were for me, thank you. I’m even prouder to share a fundamental truth that you might not have learned even as graduates of Harvard unless you studied the ancient Greek hero with Professor Nagy. Professor Nagy as we were coming in this morning said, “Please Ms. Winfrey, walk decisively.”
这一切都是因为我想在来哈佛之前把事情做好,所以非常感谢你们!你们不知道你们给了我多大的动力,谢谢!我甚至能更骄傲地来和各位分享一个基本的真理。作为哈佛的毕业生你也未必知道,除非你上过Nagy教授的课程知道古希腊英雄人物。在今天早上来的路上,Nagy教授说:“温福瑞女士,请坚决地向前走。”
I shall walk decisively.我应该坚决地向前走。
This is what I want to share. It doesn’t matter how far you might rise. At some point you are bound to stumble because if you’re constantly doing what we do, raising the bar. If you’re constantly pushing yourself higher, higher the law of averages not to mention the Myth of Icarus predicts that you will at some point fall. And when you do I want you to know this, remember this: there is no such thing as failure. Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction. Now when you’re down there in the hole, it looks like failure. So this past year I had to spoon feed those words to myself. And when you’re down in the hole, when that moment comes, it’s really okay to feel bad for a little while. Give yourself time to mourn what you think you may have lost but then here’s the key, learn from every mistake because every experience, encounter, and particularly your mistakes are there to teach you and force you into being more who you are. And then figure out what is the next right move. And the key to life is to develop an internal moral, emotional G.P.S. that can tell you which way to go. Because now and forever more when you Google yourself your search results will read “Harvard, 2013″. And in a very competitive world that really is a calling card because I can tell you as one who employs a lot of people when I see “Harvard” I sit up a little straighter and say, “Where is he or she? Bring them in.” It’s an impressive calling card that can lead to even more impressive bullets in the years ahead: lawyer, senator, C.E.O., scientist, physicist, winners of Nobel and Pulitzer Prizes or late night talk show host. But the challenge of life I have found is to build a résumé that doesn’t simply tell a story about what you want to be but it’s a story about who you want to be. It’s a résumé that doesn’t just tell a story about what you want to accomplish but why. A story that’s not just a collection of titles and positions but a story that’s really about your purpose. Because when you inevitably stumble and find yourself stuck in a hole that is the story that will get you out. What is your true calling? What is your dharma? What is your purpose? For me that discovery came in 1994 when I interviewed a little girl who had decided to collect pocket change in order to help other people in need. She raised a thousand dollars all by herself and I thought, well if that little 9-year-old girl with a bucket and big heart could do that, I wonder what I could do? So I asked for our viewers to take up their own change collection and in one month, just from pennies and nickels and dimes, we raised more than three million dollars that we used to send one student from every state in the United States to college. That was the beginning of the Angel Network.
这就是我想分享的。无论你已经达到怎样的成就,在某个节点,你会发现你会跌倒,因为如果你一直不断的在做我们每个人做的事:不断设定更高的目标。如果你一直不断把你自己推向更高的目标,你将在某一点上落下,更不必说伊卡洛斯能预测你会跌倒的神话。当你真的跌倒时我想让你知道,并请记住:“世间并不存在失败,那不过是生活想让我们换个方向走走罢了,现在当你在人生谷底,那看起来像是失败。”在过去的一年里,这些话支撑着我自己。当你到了人生谷底,到那时候,你可以难过一段时间,给自己时间去哀悼你认为你可能失去的一切,但关键在于:从每个失败和遭遇中学习 特别是你的每个错误,都会教并迫使你成为真正的自己,然后想想接下来怎么做。生活的重点在于建立内在道德、情感的定位系统,它能为你指路,因为现在或将来当你在谷歌上搜索你自己,结果会是“哈佛2013毕业生”。在这个竞争激烈的世界,那的确是块敲门砖。我作为一个雇佣过很多人的人,可以说当我听到哈佛的毕业生,我都会坐直一点,然后说“他/她在哪,带来见我”。这是一个令人印象深刻的敲门砖,在未来的日子里那的确是颗有力的子弹:成为律师、议员、老板、科学家、物理学家,诺贝尔奖普利策奖获得者或者晚间脱口秀主持人。然而来自生活的挑战并不是做个履历简单地告诉大家你想做什么,而是你想成为什么样的人。这份履历不只是告诉大家你完成了什么,而是你为什么做这些?这份履历不仅仅是一个头衔和职位的罗列,而是告诉大家你究竟想做什么?因为当你不可避免地跌倒或陷入困境时,它可以帮你走出困境,人生真正的意义是什么?你的人生哲学是什么?你的目标是什么?对我来说,我是在1994年采访了一位决定攒零花钱来帮助他人的小女孩,她筹集了一千美金。我想:“嗯,如果一个9岁的小姑娘,用一个筐和热忱的心就能做到,我能做到什么?”所以我请我们的观众拿出自己的零钱,在一个月内我从一分一毫筹集超过300万美金,我们用这笔钱从每个州选出一个学生上大学。这就是“天使网络”的开始。
And so what I did was I simply asked our viewers, “Do what you can wherever you are, from wherever you sit in life. Give me your time or your talent your money if you have it.” And they did. Extend yourself in kindness to other human beings wherever you can. And together we built 55 schools in 12 different countries and restored nearly 300 homes that were devastated by hurricanes Rita and Katrina. So the Angel Network — I have been on the air for a long time — but it was the Angel Network that actually focused my internal G.P.S. It helped me to decide that I wasn’t going to just be on TV every day but that the goal of my shows, my interviews, my business, my philanthropy all of it, whatever ventures I might pursue would be to make clear that what unites us is ultimately far more redeeming and compelling than anything that separates me. Because what had become clear to me, and I want you to know, it isn’t always clear in the beginning because as I said I had been on television since I was 19 years old. But around ’94 I got really clear. So don’t expect the clarity to come all at once, to know your purpose right away, but what became clear to me was that I was here on Earth to use television and not be used by it; to use television to illuminate the transcendent power of our better angels. So this Angel Network, it didn’t just change the lives of those who were helped, but the lives of those who also did the helping. It reminded us that no matter who we are or what we look like or what we may believe, it is both possible and more importantly it becomes powerful to come together in common purpose and common effort. I saw something on the “Bill Moore Show” recently that so reminded me of this point. It was an interview with David and Francine Wheeler. They lost their 7-year-old son, Ben, in the Sandy Hook tragedy. And even though gun safety legislation to strengthen background checks had just been voted down in Congress at the time that they were doing this interview they talked about how they refused to be discouraged. Francine said this, she said, “Our hearts are broken but our spirits are not. I’m going to tell them what it’s like to find a conversation about change that is love, and I’m going to do that without fighting them.” And then her husband David added this, “You simply cannot demonize or vilify someone who doesn’t agree with you, because the minute you do that, your discussion is over. And we cannot do that any longer. The problem is too enormous. There has to be some way that this darkness can be banished with light.” In our political system and in the media we often see the reflection of a country that is polarized, that is paralyzed and is self-interested. And yet, I know you know the truth. We all know that we are better than the cynicism and the pessimism that is regurgitated throughout Washington and the 24-hour cable news cycle. Not my channel, by the way. We understand that the vast majority of people in this country believe in stronger background checks because they realize that we can uphold the Second Amendment and also reduce the violence that is robbing us of our children. They don’t have to be incompatible.
其实我做的只是简单的请求我们的观众:“无论你在哪里处于人生的哪个阶段,如果可以,请拿出你的时间、天赋以及金钱,做你力所能及的事。”他们这样做了。无论你在哪里,将你的仁慈带给他人。众人拾柴火焰高,我们一起在12个国家建了55所学校,重建了近300个被丽塔和卡特里娜飓风摧毁的家园。所以“天使网络”聚集了我内在的定位系统。它能帮助我知道,我不是仅仅每天在电视上出现,还有我的采访目标,我的生意,我的慈善事业,所有的一切。无论我追求怎样的事业,我更清楚把我们凝聚在一起的力量比分离我们的力量更令人满足和不可抗拒。但我想让你们知道,任何事情的一开始对于我们未必明朗,正如我所说我19岁就开始上电视,然而到了94年我才渐渐清楚,所以不要期待一下子就想清楚、并马上明白自己的使命。对我来说,我最终清楚,我要利用电视而不是被电视利用,利用电视来照亮我们内在天使的一面。这个“天使网络”,它不只是改变那些我们帮助过的人们的生活,同时也改变那些提供帮助的人们的生活。它提醒我们,无论是谁,看上去如何,或者我们相信什么,更重要的是它成为了我们为共同目标走到一起的驱动力。我最近在“比利摩尔秀”上看到一些东西再次提醒了我。那是一个采访戴维和弗朗辛·惠勒的节目,他们在Sandy Hook惨案中痛失他们7岁幼子Ben。尽管在此次访谈时国会已经否决了加强背景调查的枪支安全立法,他们谈到他们拒绝被国会的否决所打击。弗朗辛说:“我们的心都碎了,但我们的精神没有垮,我想告诉他们关于变故的对话是怎样的感觉,那感觉就是爱。我将会接受他而不是抵触。”然后她的丈夫戴维继续说:“你不能诋毁或妖魔化那些持有异见的人,因为如果你这样做的那一刻,就不再有下文,我不能再那样做了,问题已经很严重了,总会有方法将光明驱逐黑暗。”在我们的政治体系和媒体环境下,我们经常看到对这个国家的反思,这个两级分化,近乎瘫痪、自我利益的国家。然而,我知道你们明白真相。我们都知道我们比电视上新闻媒体24小时滚动从华盛顿传来的那些愤世嫉俗和悲观主义更好。顺便说一句,那不是我的电视频道。我们理解,在这个国家绝大多数人相信并支持背景调查,因为他们明白我们可以支持宪法第二次修正案,同时减少残杀我们孩子的暴力。而这两者并不必水火不相容。
And we understand that most Americans believe in a clear path to citizenship for the 12,000,000 undocumented immigrants who reside in this country because it’s possible to both enforce our laws and at the same time embrace the words on the Statue of Liberty that have welcomed generations of huddled masses to our shores. We can do both.
我们知道大多数美国人相信让1200万没有合法身份的移民居住在这个国家成为公民会有一条清晰的路径。因为在捍卫法律的同时,我们还要拥抱自由女神像上的辞藻,而这些话语欢迎了一代代人到达美国的海岸。我们都能做得到 。
And we understand. I know you do because you went to Harvard. There are people from both parties, and no party, [who] believe that indigent mothers and families should have access to healthy food and a roof over their heads and a strong public education because here in the richest nation on Earth, we can afford a basic level of security and opportunity. So the question is, what are we going to do about it? Really, what are you going to do about it? Maybe you agree with these beliefs. Maybe you don’t. Maybe you care about these issues and maybe there are other challenges that you, Class of 2013, are passionate about. Maybe you want to make a difference by serving in government. Maybe you want to launch your own television show. Or maybe you simply want to collect some change. Your parents would appreciate that about now. The point is your generation is charged with this task of breaking through what the body politic has thus far made impervious to change. Each of you has been blessed with this enormous opportunity of attending this prestigious school. You now have a chance to better your life, the lives of your neighbors and also the life of our country. When you do that let me tell you what I know for sure. That’s when your story gets really good. Maya Angelou always says, “When you learn, teach. When you get, give. That my friends is what gives your story purpose and meaning.” So you all have the power in your own way to develop your own Angel Network and in doing so, your class will be armed with more tools of influence and empowerment than any other generation in history. I did it in an analog world. I was blessed with a platform that at its height reached nearly 20,000,000 viewers a day. Now here in a world of Twitter and Facebook and YouTube and Tumbler, you can reach billions in just seconds. You’re the generation that rejected predictions about your detachment and your disengagement by showing up to vote in record numbers in 2008. And when the pundits said, they said they talked about you, they said you’d be too disappointed, you’d be too dejected to repeat that same kind of turnout in 2012 election and you proved them wrong by showing up in even greater numbers. That’s who you are.
正如我们了解的那样,你们能理解,因为你们上了哈佛。来自两党派和无党派的人同样坚信:贫困的母亲和家庭都理应获得使其健康的食物、住所以及强有力的教育支持。因为我们现在正生活在全世界最为富有的国家中,我们有能力去提供安全与机遇最基础的社会保障。于是问题便随之而来:我们将对此有何打算呢?说真的,我们将要对此做些什么呢?也许你是赞同这些理念的,也有可能你会持反对意见。或许你作为2013届哈佛的毕业生,对这些问题很上心,抑或是你把关注点放在了其他极具挑战性的事情上。你可能想要通过行政工作改变我们的社会,你可能想要做自己的电视节目,你也可能仅仅是想收集一些零钱,你的父母会赞扬你现在的所作所为。关键是你们这一代人肩负着突破国家积年累月无法突破的重重围嶂的使命。你们每一位上了哈佛这所名校的人都拥有千万机会、无尽不可。现在你有机会来改善你的生活,改变你周围人的生活,以及整个国家的命运。当你这样做的时候,我可以坚定地告诉你:这个时候,有关你的故事已然尽善尽美。Maya Angelou常常说:“有所学时你要去施教,有所得时你便去给予。我亲爱的朋友,那将赋予你的故事以目的与意义。”你们都有能力用自己的方式去打造属于你们自己的“天使网络”,与此同时你会拥有史无前例的影响力与权力的工具。我用虚拟网络的方式做到这一点,我的网络电视在鼎盛时期的日浏览量能够达到2000万,在这个Twitter、Facebook、YouTube与Tumbler盛行的时代,你在片刻之间便可获得几十亿的浏览量。就是你们这一代,在其他人都以为你们会对政治漠不关心的时候,你们用你们的一腔热情,彻底颠覆了世人的想象,你们在2008年的时候,参与总统大选投票的人数创造新高。当那些“博学多识”的人们猜测道,你们必然已经失望透顶,你们在2012年总统大选中由于太沮丧而不可能重复2008年的辉煌时,你们用甚至比2008年更高的参与记录,再一次让世人刮目相看。这就是你们这一代.
This generation, your generation I know, has developed a finely honed radar for B.S. Can you say “B.S.” at Harvard? The spin and phoniness and artificial nastiness that saturates so much of our national debate. I know you all understand better than most that real progress requires authentic — an authentic way of being, honesty, and above all empathy. I have to say that the single most important lesson I learned in 25 years talking every single day to people, was that there is a common denominator in our human experience. Most of us, I tell you we don’t want to be divided. What we want, the common denominator that I found in every single interview, is we want to be validated. We want to be understood. I have done over 35,000 interviews in my career and as soon as that camera shuts off everyone always turns to me and inevitably in their own way asks this question “Was that okay?” I heard it from President Bush, I heard it from President Obama. I’ve heard it from heroes and from housewives. I’ve heard it from victims and perpetrators of crimes. I even heard it from Beyonce and all of her Beyonceness. She finishes performing, hands me the microphone and says, “Was that okay?” Friends and family, yours, enemies, strangers in every argument in every encounter, every exchange I will tell you, they all want to know one thing: was that okay? Did you hear me? Do you see me? Did what I say mean anything to you? And even though this is a college where Facebook was born my hope is that you would try to go out and have more face-to-face conversations with people you may disagree with.
我所了解的你们这一代对一些胡言乱语有极为敏锐的追求,你能在哈佛“胡说”吗?关于我们的国家,虚伪幻象铺张在你眼前,纷扰流言充斥在你耳畔。我深知你们比众人更加了解,一个国家真正的进步是要求建立在真实而坦然的基础之上的,还有更为重要的——一种感同身受的心理。我想我不得不坦言,在我25年的访谈历程中,我所学到的最重要的,我们的人生有一个共同的公分母。我可以告诉你的是,我们中的大多数人,并不愿意被分割。我在每次访谈中发现我们的“公分母”,发现我们想要的,是我们想要被证实、被认可。我们渴望被理解。我的职业生涯中容纳了大约35000个访谈,每每在摄像机的镜头关闭后,几乎所有人都不可避免地转向我,用他们各自的方式,询问着同一个问题“像这样可以吗?”布什总统这样问,奥巴马总统这样问,我在英雄的口中听到过这个疑问,同样也在家庭主妇的口中听说过这句话。我听受害者这样问,也听过那些有罪行的人们这样问,我甚至听过碧昂斯和她的粉丝们这样问。碧昂斯结束表演之后,把麦克风递到我手中,问道:“像我这样可以吗?”朋友或家人、支持者或敌人、每次争论或邂逅的陌生人,有关每一次交流,我都可以笃定地告诉你们,他们都想知道一件事儿——“像这样可以吗?你听得见我吗?你看的见我吗?我之所言是否对你有些许意义?”尽管这里是Facebook诞生的大学,我还是希望你们能够脱离虚拟,尽可能多的和那些与你意见相左的人进行一些面对面的交流。
That you’ll have the courage to look them in the eye and hear their point of view and help make sure that the speed and distance and anonymity of our world doesn’t cause us to lose our ability to stand in somebody else’s shoes and recognize all that we share as a people. This is imperative, for you as an individual, and for our success as a nation. “There has to be some way that this darkness can be banished with light,” says the man whose little boy was massacred on just an ordinary Friday in December. So whether you call it soul or spirit or higher self, intelligence, there is I know this, there is a light inside each of you, all of us, that illuminates your very human beingness if you let it. And as a young girl from rural Mississippi I learned long ago that being myself was much easier than pretending to be Barbara Walters. Although when I first started because I had Barbara in my head I would try to sit like Barbara, talk like Barbara, move like Barbara and then one night I was on the news reading the news and I called Canada “Can-a-da,” and that was the end of me being Barbara. I cracked myself up on TV. Couldn’t start laughing and my real personality came through and I figured out, oh gee, I can be a much better Oprah than I could be a pretend Barbara.
你们要有勇气去直视他们的双眼,去聆听他们的观点,并且确保这世界的高速、距离、匿名不会让我们失去站在他人的立场上去认可那些我们作为人类共同享受东西的能力。这是你作为一个个体或是为了整个国家的成功必须要做到的。“一定存在某种方法可以使光明驱逐黑暗。”一位孩子在12月一个普通的星期五被杀害的父亲如是说道。所以无论你愿意称她为灵魂、精神、抑或是更高尚的自我,天资什么的,我知道,我们内心深处的星星之火总能够点燃我们——只要你愿意让自己被点亮。作为一个来自密西西比州农村的年轻姑娘,我早就知道,成为自己比假装成芭芭拉更容易。纵使我对自己的坚守是因为我想要成为芭芭拉而起,我希望的的坐姿像芭芭拉、谈吐像芭芭拉,举止像芭芭拉。直到有一天晚上,我在电视上读新闻的时候,我把“Canada”读成“Can-a-da”,这就成了我试图变成芭芭拉的终止。我在电视上把自己层层剖析,我笑个不停。随后真正的自我脱颖而出,我突然就想通了“哦,哎呀,与其成为芭芭拉我能够成为一个更出色的奥普拉。”
I know that you all might have a little anxiety now and hesitation about leaving the comfort of college and putting those Harvard credentials to the test. But no matter what challenges or setbacks or disappointments you may encounter along the way, you will find true success and happiness if you have only one goal, there really is only one, and that is this: to fulfill the highest most truthful expression of yourself as a human being. You want to max out your humanity by using your energy to lift yourself up, your family and the people around you. Theologian Howard Thurman said it best. He said, “Don’t ask yourself what the world needs. Ask yourself what makes you come alive and then go do that, because what the world needs is people who have come alive.” The world needs … People like Michael Stolzenberg from Fort Lauderdale. When Michael was just 8 years old Michael nearly died from a bacterial infection that cost him both of his hands and both of his feet. And in an instant, this vibrant little boy became a quadruple amputee and his life was changed forever. But in losing who he once was Michael discovered who he wanted to be. He refused to sit in that wheelchair all day and feel sorry for himself so with prosthetics he learned to walk and run and play again. He joined his middle school lacrosse team and last month when he learned that so many victims of the Boston Marathon bombing would become new amputees, Michael decided to banish that darkness with light. Michael and his brother, Harris, created Mikeysrun.com to raise $1 million for other amputees — by the time Harris runs the 2014 Boston Marathon. More than 1,000 miles away from here these two young brothers are bringing people together to support this Boston community the way their community came together to support Michael. And when this 13-year-old man was asked about his fellow amputees he said this, “First they will be sad. They’re losing something they will never get back and that’s scary. I was scared. But they’ll be okay. They just don’t know that yet.” We might not always know it. We might not always see it, or hear it on the news or even feel it in our daily lives, but I have faith that no matter what, Class of 2013, you will be okay and you will make sure our country is okay. I have faith because of that 9-year-old girl who went out and collected the change. I have faith because of David and Francine Wheeler, I have faith because of Michael and Harris Stolzenberg, and I have faith because of you, the network of angels sitting here today. One of them Khadijah Williams, who came to Harvard four years ago. Khadijah had attended 12 schools in 12 years, living out of garbage bags amongst pimps and prostitutes and drug dealers; homeless, going in to department stores, Wal-Mart in the morning to bathe herself so that she wouldn’t smell in front of her classmates, and today she graduates as a member of the Harvard Class of 2013.
我非常理解在你们即将离开大学象牙塔一样舒服单纯的生活,把你们在哈佛里积累的经验拿出去实践的时候,或多或少会有些焦虑与犹豫不决,但是无论你一路上经历到怎样的挑战、挫折、险衅、绝望,如果你自始至终都只有一个目标,真的只有一个目标,你就会找到真正的成功和幸福。这个目标就是:作为一个人,你要满足你最真挚、最坦诚的自我表达,奋力拓展自己的人生领域,去追逐生命的最大化,去改变你周围你亲友,让他们的人生也因你而不同。神学家Howard Thurman将这件事儿阐释的淋漓尽致,他说:“不要追问这世界需要什么样的人,扪心自问是什么支持着你活到现在,然后你奔赴你的信仰、因为这世界需要的就是人们充满活力地活在世上,”这是世界需要的——正如来自劳德代尔堡的迈克尔·斯托尔岑贝格。迈克尔年仅8岁时险些丧命于细菌感染,虽然他活了下来,但却永远失去了双手双脚。须臾之间,原本一个完整的,充满活力的男孩儿失去四肢,成为一个残疾人,他的命运轨迹在这一劫难之后被硬生生地扭转。但在失去一切之后,他听懂了他的心,他明白了自己真正想成为谁,他拒绝整日坐在轮椅中上沮丧、难过,而是选择了在假肢的扶持下继续行走、奔跑、玩耍、他甚至加入了他高中的曲棍球队。上个月当他得知在波士顿马拉松的轰炸中,有一些不幸的人同样被截肢时,他决心用同样的“灯光”帮助他们驱逐黑暗,于是迈克尔和他的兄弟哈里斯创办了mikeysrun.com为其他被截肢的人募捐。他希望集资100万美元,等到2014年哈里斯从1000多英里外跑波士顿马立松时,这两位年轻的兄弟将把人们聚集在一起来支持整个波士顿社区,如同他们的社区支持迈克尔那样。当这个十三岁的孩子第一次被问及一些关于同样被截肢的人的事时,他说:“他们一定会很伤心,因为他们失去了生命中重且永不复返的东西,那是很可怕的一件事,但是他们一定会振作起来的,他们只是现在还没察觉罢了。”我们可能对这种事所知甚少,这些事情并不常见,在电视里也鲜听闻,我们的日常生活中也不能有所获知。但是我对你们有信心,不管发生什么,2013届的毕业生们,请相信,柳暗花明又一村,你们也要记得去确保我们的国家的安康。我有信心,因为那个9岁小女孩会出去收集零钱;我有信心,因为David和Wheeler;我有信心,因为迈克尔和哈里斯。我有信心是你们让我充满信心,因为你,因为“天使网络”现在就在这里。这其中就有四年前来到哈佛的Khadijah Williams。Khadijah在过去的12年中上了12个不同的学校,身处在皮条客、妓女、毒品贩子和流浪儿之间的垃圾袋子里,她为了不让同学们闻到他身上的异味,他每天清晨会去百货大楼、沃尔玛超市洗澡,今天他成为2013届哈佛毕业生的一员。
From time to time you may stumble, fall, you will for sure, count on this, no doubt, you will have questions and you will have doubts about your path. But I know this, if you’re willing to listen to, be guided by, that still small voice that is the G.P.S. within yourself, to find out what makes you come alive, you will be more than okay. You will be happy, you will be successful, and you will make a difference in the world. Congratulations Class of 2013. Congratulations to your family and friends. Good luck, and thank you for listening.
不时地,你可能会失足跌倒,我们之中谁也难以幸免。对你的未来之路你会彷徨、会忧虑、会无所适从,但是我知道:只要你肯听听你内心深处的声音 ,你体内隐藏的GPS定位系统,能让你回归你人生的本真,你可能会因此活的更加夺目。你一定会快乐,一定会成功。你一定可以让世界因你而不同。祝贺你们,2012届哈佛的毕业生们。把祝贺同样送给你们的亲朋好友们。祝你们的命运永远备受眷顾,同时感谢你们的聆听。
Was that okay?像这样可以吗?
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温家宝北京地质学院地质构造专业毕业,研究生学历,工程师。中共中央政治局原,国务院原、原党组书记。今天读文网小编给大家分享一篇温家宝在哈佛大学的演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
女士们,先生们:
衷心感谢萨莫斯校长的盛情邀请。
哈佛是世界著名的高等学府,精英荟萃,人才辈出。建校367年来,曾出过7位总统,40多位诺贝尔奖获得者。这是你们的光荣。
今天,我很高兴站在哈佛讲台上同你们面对面交流。我是一个普通的中国人。我出生在一个教师家庭,有过苦难的童年,曾长期工作在中国艰苦地区。中国有2500个县(区),我去过1800个。我深爱着我的祖国和人民。
我今天演讲的题目是——把目光投向中国。
中美两国相隔遥远,经济水平和文化背景差异很大。但愿我的这篇讲演,能增进我们之间的相互了解。
要了解一个真实的、发展变化着的、充满希望的中国,就有必要了解中国的昨天、今天和明天。
昨天的中国,是一个古老并创造了灿烂文明的大国。
大家知道,在人类发展史上,曾经出现过西亚两河流域的巴比伦文明,北非尼罗河流域的古埃及文明,地中海北岸的古希腊——罗马文明,南亚印度河流域的古文明,发源于黄河——长江流域的中华文明,等等。由于地震、洪水、瘟疫、灾荒,由于异族入侵和内部动乱,这些古文明,有的衰落了,有的消亡了,有的融入了其它文明。而中华文明,以其顽强的凝聚力和隽永的魅力,历经沧桑而完整地延续了下来。拥有5000年的文明史,这是我们中国人的骄傲。
中华民族的传统文化博大精深、源远流长。早在2000多年前,就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说,以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说流派,这就是有名的“诸子百家”。从孔夫子到孙中山,中华民族传统文化有它的许多珍贵品,许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如,强调仁爱,强调群体,强调和而不同,强调天下为公。特别是“天下兴亡、匹夫有责”的爱国情操,“民为邦本”“民贵君轻”的民本思想,“己所不欲,勿施于人”的待人之道,吃苦耐劳、勤俭持家、尊师重教的传统美德,世代相传。所有这些,对家庭、国家和社会起到了巨大的维系与调节作用。
今年9月10日中国教师节,我专程到医院看望北京大学老教授季羡林。他已经92岁高龄,学贯中西,专攻东方学。我很喜欢读他的散文。我们在促膝交谈中,谈到近代有过“西学东渐”,也有过“东学西渐”。17、18世纪,当外国传教士把中国的文化典籍翻译成西文传到欧洲时,曾引起西方一批著名学者和启蒙思想家的极大兴趣。笛卡尔、莱伯尼兹、孟德斯鸠、伏尔泰、歌德、康德等,都对中国传统文化有过研究。
我年轻时读过伏尔泰的著作。他说过,作为思想家来研究这个星球的历史时,首先要把目光投向包括中国在内的东方。
非常有意思的是,一个半世纪前,贵国著名的哲学家、杰出的哈佛人——爱默生先生,也对中国的传统文化情有独钟。他在文章中摘引孔孟的言论很多。他还把孔子和苏格拉底、耶酥相提并论,认为儒家道德学说,“虽然是针对一个与我们完全不同的社会,但我们今天读来仍受益不浅。”
今天重温伏尔泰和爱默生这些名言,不禁为他们的睿智和远见所折服。 今天的中国,是一个改革开放与和平崛起的大国。 费正清先生关于中国人多地少有过这样的描述:美国一户农庄所拥有的土地,到了中国却居住着整整一个拥有数百人的村落。他还说,美国人尽管在历史上也曾以务农为本,但体会不到人口稠密的压力。
人多,不发达,这是中国的两大国情。中国有13亿人口,不管多么小的问题,只要乘以13亿,那就成为很大很大的问题;不管多么可观的财力、物力,只要除以13亿,那就成为很低很低的人均水平。这是中国领导人任何时候都必须牢牢记住的。
解决13亿人的问题,不能靠别人,只能靠自己。中华人民共和国成立以来,我们的建设取得了很大成就,同时也走了一些弯路,失去了一些机遇。从1978年开始改革开放,我们终于找到了一条发展自己的正确道路。这就是:中国人民独立自主地建设中国特色的社会主义。 这条道路的精髓,就是调动一切积极因素,解放和发展生产力,尊重和保障中国人民追求幸福的自由。
中国的改革开放,从农村到城市,从经济领域到政治、文化、社会领域。它的每一步深入,说到底,都是为了放手让一切劳动、知识、技术、管理和资本的活力竞相迸发,让一切创造社会财富的源泉充分涌流。
中国在相当长时间内曾实行高度集中的计划经济体制。随着社会主义市场经济体制改革的深入和民主政治建设的推进,过去人们在择业、迁徙、致富、投资、资讯、旅游、信仰和选择生活方式等方面有形无形的不合理限制,被逐步解除。这就带来了前所未有的、广泛而深刻的变化。一方面,广大城乡劳动者的积极性得以释放,特别是数以亿计的农民得以走出传统村落,进入城市特别是沿海地区,数以千万计的知识分子聪明才智得到充分发挥;另一方面,规模庞大的国有资产得以盘活,数万亿元的民间资本得以形成,5000亿美元的境外资本得以流入。这种资本和劳动的结合,就在中国960万平方公里的国土上,演进着人类历史上规模极为宏大的工业化和城市化。过去25年间,中国经济之所以按平均9.4%的速度迅速增长,其奥秘就在于此。
25年间中国创造的巨大财富,不仅使13亿中国人基本解决了温饱,基本实现了小康,而且为世界发展作出了贡献。中国所有这些进步,都得益于改革开放,归根到底来自于中国人民基于自由的创造。
我清醒地认识到,在中国现阶段,相对于有限的资源和短缺的资本,劳动力的供应是十分充裕的。不切实保护广大劳动者特别是进城农民工的基本权利,他们就有可能陷于像狄更斯、德莱塞小说所描写的那种痛苦境地。不切实保护公民的财产权利,就难以积累和吸引宝贵的资本。
因此,中国政府致力于两个保护:一个是保护劳动者的基本权利;一个是保护财产权利,既要保护公有财产,又要保护私人财产。关于这一点,中国的法律已经作出明确规定,并付诸实施。
中国的改革开放正是为了推动中国的人权进步,两者是相互依存、相互促进的。改革开放为人权进步创造了条件,人权进步为改革开放增添了动力。如果把两者割裂开来,以为中国只注意发展经济而忽视人权保护,这种看法不符合实际。正如贵国前总统罗斯福曾指出的“真正的个人自由,在没有经济安全和独立的情况下,是不存在的”,“贫者无自由”。 我并不认为,今天中国的人权状况是尽善尽美的。对人权方面存在的这样那样的弊端和消极现象,中国政府一直认真努力加以克服。在中国,把发展、改革和稳定三者结合起来,具有极端的重要性和艰巨性。百闻不如一见。只要朋友们到中国实地看一看,对改革开放以来中国的人权进步和中国政府为保障人权所作的艰苦努力,就会有客观的理解和认识。
中国是个发展中的大国。我们的发展,不应当也不可能依赖外国,必须也只能把事情放在自己力量的基点上。这就是说,我们要在扩大对外开放的同时,更加充分和自觉地依靠自身的体制创新,依靠开发越来越大的国内市场,依靠把庞大的居民储蓄转化为投资,依靠国民素质的提高和科技进步来解决资源和环境问题。中国和平崛起发展道路的要义就在于此。 当然,中国仍然是一个发展中国家。城市和农村、东部和西部存在着明显发展差距。如果你们到中国东南沿海城市旅行,就会看到高楼林立、车流如织、灯火辉煌的现代景观。但是,在我国农村特别是中国西部农村还有不少落后的地方。在那些贫穷的偏僻山村,人们还在使用人力和畜力耕作,居住的是土坯房,大旱之年人畜饮水十分困难。古诗云:“衙斋卧听萧萧竹,疑是民间疾苦声”。作为中国的,每念及还有3000万农民同胞没有解决温饱,还有2300万领取最低生活保障金的城镇人口,还有6000万需要社会帮助的残疾人,我忧心如焚、寝食难安。中国要达到发达国家水平,还需要几代人、十几代人甚至几十代人的长期艰苦奋斗。
明天的中国,是一个热爱和平和充满希望的大国。
中华民族历来酷爱和平。2000年前,秦始皇修筑的长城是防御性的。1000年前,唐朝开辟通向西域的丝绸之路,是为了把丝绸、茶叶、瓷器等销往世界。500年前,明朝著名的外交家和航海家郑和七下西洋,是为了同友邦结好,带去了精美的产品和先进的农业、手工业技术。正如俄罗斯伟大文学家托尔斯泰所说,中华民族是“最古老的民族,最大的民族”,“世界上最酷爱和平的民族”。 近代以来,由于封建王朝愚昧、腐败和闭关锁国,导致社会停滞、国力衰竭,列强频频入侵。中华民族尽管灾难深重、饱受凌辱,但始终自强不息、愈挫愈奋。一个民族在灾难和挫折中学到的东西,会比平时多得多。
中国已经制订了实现现代化的“三步走”战略。从现在起到2020年,中国要全面实现小康。到2049年,也就是中华人民共和国成立100周年的时候,我们将达到世界中等发达国家的水平。我们清醒地估计到,在前进的道路上还要克服许许多多可以想见的和难以预料的困难,迎接各种各样严峻的挑战。我们不能不持有这样的危机感。当然,中国政府和中国人民有足够的信心,励精图治,艰苦奋斗,排除万难,实现我们的雄心壮志。这是因为: ——当今世界的潮流是要和平、要发展。中国的发展正面临非常难得的战略机遇期。我们已下定决心,争取和平的国际环境和稳定的国内环境,集中精力发展自己,又以自己的发展促进世界的和平与发展。
——中国坚持的是充满生机和活力的社会主义。社会主义是大海,大海容纳百川,永不枯竭。我们立足国情,大胆推进改革开放,勇于吸收人类一切优秀文明成果来充实自己。一个善于自我调整、自我完善的社会主义,其生机和活力是无限的。
——改革开放25年来已积累起一定的物质基础,中国经济在世界已占有一席之地。中国亿万人民追求幸福、创造财富的积极性,乃是推进国家现代化取之不尽、用之不竭的巨大力量。 ——中华民族具有极其深厚的文化底蕴。“和而不同”,是中国古代思想家提出的一个伟大思想。和谐而又不千篇一律,不同而又不彼此冲突;和谐以共生共长,不同以相辅相成。用“和而不同”的观点观察、处理问题,不仅有利于我们善待友邦,也有利于国际社会化解矛盾。 女士们、先生们: 加深理解是相互的。我希望美国青年把目光投向中国,也相信中国青年会进一步把目光投向美国。
美国是一个伟大的国家。从移民时代开始,美利坚民族的顽强意志和拓荒气慨,务实和创新精神,对知识的尊重和人才的吸纳,科学和法治传统,铸就了美国的繁荣。美国人民在遭受“9·11”恐怖袭击时所表现出来的镇定、互助和勇气,令人钦佩。 进入二十一世纪,人类面临的经济和社会问题更加复杂。文化因素将在新的世纪里发挥更加重要的作用。不同民族的语言各不相同,而心灵情感是相通的。不同民族的文化千姿百态,其合理内核往往是相同的,总能为人类所传承。各民族的文明都是人类智慧的成果。对人类进步作出了贡献,应该彼此尊重。人类因无知或偏见引起的冲突,有时比因利益引起的冲突更可怕。我们主张以平等和包容的精神,努力寻找双方的共同点,开展广泛的文明对话和深入的文化交流。
贵国著名诗人梅尔维尔在《麦尔文山》中曾这样写道:“无论世界怎样变化,树木逢春便会绿叶招展”。
青年代表着国家和世界的未来。面对新世纪中美关系的广阔前景,我希望两国青年更加紧密地携起手来!
女士们,先生们:
中华民族的祖先曾追求这样一种境界:“为天地立心,为生民立命,为往圣继绝学,为万世开太平”。今天,人类正处在社会急剧大变动的时代,回溯源头,传承命脉,相互学习,开拓创新,是各国弘扬本民族优秀文化的明智选择。我呼吁,让我们共同以智慧和力量去推动人类文明的进步与发展。我们的成功将承继先贤,泽被后世。这样,我们的子孙就能生活在一个更加和平、安定和繁荣的世界里。我坚信,这样一个无限光明、无限美好的明天,必将到来!
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刘强东京东商城创始人、董事局主席兼首席执行官,今天读文网小编给大家分享一篇刘强东在哈佛大学的演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
女士们、先生们:
本来我想用苏北英语给大家做演讲,结果张总(张磊,高瓴资本CEO)一上来说了中文,弄的我很不好意思,所以我还是用苏北话演讲。
昨天晚上我问了一个哥大的朋友,我说我特别想知道大家今天想听什么,他说其实非常想听创业。我知道最近创业非常火,我想今天在座的很多同学都有创业的冲动或者打算。如果你让我说创业,我想说,创业要想取得成功,关键就一句话:只要你能够解决一个问题,那么你的项目就一定会成功。
我就从我大学的一个故事讲起。1992年,我考上了人大。人大的经济学系、金融系都是很好的专业,工作特别好找,而我上的是社会学系,结果发现社会学系最难的一件事情就是找工作。当时,宿舍里面的老大喜欢英语系的女孩子,喜欢了整整一年,天天晚上和她一起上晚自习,终于有一天晚上把那个女孩子约到了人大东门的小花园,我们五个人在宿舍里面非常激动地等着好消息。我们宿舍老大回来了,说失败了,为什么?他说那女孩子说了,你们是社会学系的,社会学系的连工作都找不到,我怎么跟你谈恋爱啊?
所以我要解决第一个问题,想找个女朋友。虽然我的专业不大好找工作,但是经过简单的调查研究,我发现女孩子喜欢男生带有神秘感,所以我想了半天,什么最神秘呢?突然我发现在1993年的时候,在中国最神秘的就是电脑,所以我决定我要自己去学电脑,学编程,给我们系老师编了一个名片管理系统。因为作为人大的教授,出席各种会议名片非常多,找名片很难,通过我这个程序在名片管理系统里甚至只输一个字就可以搜到,他们觉得这个真好。因此,在大二下学期结束的时候,我终于有了自己的女朋友。
解决一个问题,你就可以取得成功。
从站柜台开始的第一次创业
在我1998年创业的时候,我去了中关村,带着积攒的12000块钱人民币在中关村租了一个四平方米的柜台。那时候中关村几乎所有的商家做生意都是一个模式,老板对员工的培训基本都是一台笔记本两万五,你怎么用三万五卖出去。由此中关村还有十大“招术”教你如何欺骗顾客,我觉得这注定是不对的,终究有一天这种混乱的情况会改变。
所以在我开柜台第一天,我是在中关村唯一明码标价、所有产品都开发票的商家。在我这个柜台上,我不接受讨价还价,我所有的产品都是正品行货,我所有的商品都可以开具发票。
在那个年代,我的做法与整个市场是格格不入的,因为整个中关村做生意基本都是要想尽一切办法,如何把一块钱的东西两块钱卖出去,三块钱卖成六块钱,甚至通过一种变相欺骗的方式。这就是问题。谁能把这个问题解决,谁就可以取得成功,非常简单。
就这么一做做了六年,从一个小柜台,到2003年的时候,我在中国已经拥有了12个店面,在北京有3个店,而且每个店的营业额都非常好。
在2003年非典的时候,我们迫不得已把所有的门店都关掉,所有的人员都在办公室,每天很着急,因为我们各种租金、开销一天都不少,货又不敢进行销售,店面不敢开门。所以我们有同事就提出来,说为什么我们不去做网上销售呢?如果我们网上销售,可能就不用去面对面见客户所以,我们去搜狐、新浪、163(网易)各种各样的网站发帖,结果发现发了帖就被管理员删了,偶尔没有被删的,也没有人订货,也没人相信,因为我们就在BBS里说我有什么刻录机,什么东西多少钱,底下是汇款帐号,如果你想买的话先把钱汇到这儿来。那时候too young too naive.
后来,我们就在专业的测评论坛里发帖。后来论坛总版主看到了我们发的帖,不仅回复了还把我们的帖子置顶,总版主说京东多媒体,我知道,这是中关村唯一的一个不卖假光盘的厂家。置顶!结果我们一天就接到了10个订单。
正因为我们过去六年的坚持,赢得了别人的信任,从而在最关键的时刻,得到了一个我们从来都不记得他姓名的人一次很简单的帮助,从而使京东成功转型,由线下彻底转到线上,做了电商。
我为什么创业做京东?
在2006年、2007年融资的时候,好多人说你们是没法成功的,为什么?他说几乎我所想要买的所有东西,都可以在当当、卓越或者淘宝上购买,还都能找到比你京东更便宜的,所以很多人说你没必要做,注定你没有前途。
但是我们不这么认为,为什么?因为我觉得在那个时候,包括今天网上的销售有很多问题。我想解决这个问题。
你可以想象一下,你去一个平台买手机,一搜搜出来几百几千个,有价格特别便宜的,你点进去,卖家很快就说“亲”,你问“为什么你比别人便宜300块钱?”“亲,我们小店薄利多销”。你找了半天,终于被说服了,然后下了订单,他就告诉你“亲,这不包邮哦,亲,我告诉你订单号”,然后货收到了,突然发现包装上面没有中文,按照中国的法律,所有在中国销售的产品必须有中文标识,你去问他,“你不是告诉我这是行货吗,怎么收到的没有中文标识啊?你这是水货啊。”那边说了,“亲,阿拉是港行”,香港行货。你就想虽然不是正品行货,也能使吧,你就很开心地使用了两三个月,忽然出了问题,你找到卖家,卖家说“亲,是可以保修的,但是我要把你手机要寄到香港去,一来一去邮费就要400块,维修是免费的,可是运费你要出”。
你一想400块钱寄到香港修,可能还要等两个月,你去北京找一个维修店去维修吧,人家打电话来告诉你,“先生,你被骗了,你这手机是翻新的二手货”。你去找卖家吧,“啊,你不是香港行货吗,今天我去维修说你这是翻新货”。卖家说“亲,你拿证据啊,你给我开证据出来,叫手机商家开证据”。开不了,你给我退款,你不退款给你差评,你真给了差评,结果第二天你的手机被呼死了,一天打了五百个电话进来,大家知道中国有一个叫“呼死你”软件,只要你手机开机了就给你打,还有一些卖家给你寄各种各样很恶心的东西、危险的东西。购物原本应该是一件非常简单的事情。
为什么我们做京东商城?刚开始的时候,京东可以说是一无所有,我们没有钱、没有技术,没有货源,我们甚至都不知道什么叫VC。但我们发现网络购物有很多问题,我想如果京东能够把这些问题解决了,我们就一定可以取得成功,这就是我们的思维。所以为什么京东在2004年刚开始做时,第一个坚持就是所有的商品都是正品行货,你不要发票也给你发票。我们实行低价策略,这个低价不是以翻新、水货、走私、逃税为基础,而是通过规模的优化降低运营成本,将节省的成本让利给消费者所获得的低价。我们的服务也不断地创新,在2005年我们在中国就推出了“当日达”,今天我接受一个外国媒体采访,他问我说前几年我在哥大上课的时候,是否去亚马逊购物过?我说购物过,他问感觉怎么样,我说很好,但是我实在忍受不了它的物流速度。他说你要是Prime会员两天就可以收到货,那多快啊。我说京东在中国,几乎每个用户都是Prime会员,但你不用花99美金,只要一次购买满79块钱的商品就可以免运费了,而且我们在中国,在北京、上海这些大的城市,都是当日达。
正因为坚持,我们解决了网络购物领域长期存在的大量问题,这就是京东公司得以生存和快速发展的基础。
我为什么要第二次创业做“京东到家”
我们今天又在创立一种全新的商业模式叫“京东到家”,主做生鲜,有人说这有什么问题需要解决呢?我们做了11年的电商,结果我们发现服装、鞋帽,甚至汽车、房子,所有的东西都可以到网上销售,而且卖的越来越好,可是就是有一类,是老百姓高频购买的东西,几乎每个人每天都要买的东西,恰恰在网上没有人能够做好,不管是平台模式还是京东这种自主经营的模式,都没有做好,那就是生鲜。
生鲜有一个什么问题?那就是在消费者和种植者当中至少有四个环节。
举一个非常简单的例子,大家都知道中国的山东是生产大蒜的,一头大蒜送到北京的家庭里面去,当中要经历至少四家公司。首先收购者去田间地头收大蒜,他收购完之后卖到山东非常有名的一个县级的蔬菜批发市场,全山东百分之七八十的蔬菜都是在那个批发市场批发的,产地批发市场再卖给销售地批发市场,卖给北京的比如大钟寺、新发地批发市场。这些人拿到之后,到了北京,他不会卖给终端用户的,还分给各个小的批发市场,这些人拿到之后再放到沃尔玛家乐福销售。那些种植的人发现一年辛辛苦苦种大蒜挣不了几个钱,因为收购价格一压再压。而买大蒜的人觉得价格怎么这么贵啊,从产地收购价只有五毛钱,到了北京卖出去就变成了两块五毛钱、三块钱、四块钱、五块钱。就因为中间环节太多了。
第二个问题,过去十年,大家发现几乎每一年都听到某类农产品滞销的消息。前天在新疆什么地方西红柿滞销,大量种植西红柿的人把西红柿摘下来之后卖不出去,任它烂在地里面。今天是土豆滞销,明天西瓜滞销,为什么?因为他在种植的时候永远不知道中国到底有多少人种了大蒜,有多少人种了西红柿,没人提供这个信息,而消费者发现今年白菜狂涨,后年大蒜价格又是涨了几倍,价格不断地剧烈波动,所以需求方、供给方信息没有打通,这是第二个问题。
第三个问题,还是有很多食品安全问题。
那么京东到家怎么解决这些问题呢?
我们成立了全资子公司,第一,我们就要把中间环节全部去掉,我们提出了“从产地直接送达消费者”的理念(Farm to Table)。大家可以想想看,全北京市每一天为北京市民提供辣椒的、西红柿、黄瓜的,包括批发者、运输者、超市,所有与之相关的人员好几千人,在北京大概有数千个地方都在卖着同样的辣椒、同样的西红柿。我们能够通过缩短中间环节,帮他们更高效地送到用户手上。
第二个说信息技术大数据。今年我们提出了进入农村的战略,核心就是解决农村种子化肥农药问题。我们现在正在进行数据的搜集,年底前在中国数万个村庄建立我们自己的村民代理。我们现在正在每个村搜集信息,我们要知道每个村的种植面积,主要的农作物是什么,副产品是什么,我们搜集每个村每年的降雨量,甚至当地的河流湖泊的分布,我们还可以通过销售数字知道每个区域种子化肥农药的使用量和消耗量。想一想,如果有一天,某个地区大家在卖黄瓜或者西红柿种子的时候,我们告诉你不要种植西红柿了,明年的西红柿产量已经饱和了,因为我们发现太多地方买西红柿种子了,今年西红柿种子的销量远远超出市场的需求,有一天我们可以给种植者提供这些信息。
第三个问题,食品安全问题怎么解决?我们通过每个区域长时间数据的搜集,我们能够知道这个区域使用的化肥主要是什么品牌,是有机的还是无机的,我们知道这个区域的农药是低浓度农药还是有毒农药,通过数据做分析。通过几年的数据分析,我们甚至能够知道中国每个种植产区的土壤情况怎么样,蔬菜是不是安全基于它的地下水有没有被污染,土壤有没有被污染。通过长时间的数据搜集,我们可以知道这些数字,这也可以帮助解决食品安全的问题。
所以我们从3月16日推出了“京东到家”的测试,没有大规模地宣传,只是口碑相传,现在每天销售给五六千个北京家庭,而且还在高速增长中。
对创业者来说,现在是一个伟大的时代
我想,如果大家创业的话,希望每个人要问自己一个非常关键的问题,我这个项目解决了什么问题。如果你什么问题都不能解决的话,那么我可以说你的项目注定会失败,所以创业是为了要解决问题。有的人说,不,我觉得我创业是为了获取财富,创业成功获取合理合法的财富,无可厚非,但是我从来都没有看到哪一个创业者是为了获取更多的财富而创业成功的。现在,在中国大家知道创业非常的火,火到什么程度?投资人也有些愚蠢,现在只要有一个主意,你可以拿到3000万美金的投资,真的很容易,很多人很高兴,但是不要忘了,你拿到多少融资不是你的财富,你拿到多少融资,你将来就要10倍、20倍的把这个还回去,风险投资的成本是全世界最高的。如果大家能够从银行贷款的话一定要从银行贷款,千万不要拿风投的钱。当然话又说回来了,作为创业者,你一无所有的时候,银行是不贷款的,所以没的选择的时候还是要找投资人。所以千万不要把投资人投资的钱视为你的财富,视为你的成功,投钱给你,你压力更大,你要10倍、100倍的还回去的。
有人说我创业是为了自由,我不想朝九晚六打卡,受到别人的指使,做老板以后我就自由支配我的时间,想什么时候上班就什么时候上班,如果你真是为了自由的话,可以说创业是最不自由的,因为作为创业者,你在公司必须是最自律的那个人,所有人都可以违反这个公司的制度规定,所有人都可以迟到早退,唯独你不行,永远不行。你如果下午一点钟上班的话,兄弟们肯定是下午三四点才上班,一定是这样的。你如果说我创业是为了出名,能参加各种论坛,如果你要抱着这样的想法的话,我可以告诉你,最后99%的结果是你真的出名了,而且会载入哈佛的案例,说某某人拿了风投20亿美金5年烧光,项目失败,然后大家来分析他是怎么失败的。
可以说今天我们真的处在一个非常好的时候,往前看30年,往后看30年,真的没有人比我们今天更为幸运,机会更大,为什么?因为大家发现最近我们几乎所有的东西都在加速发展,今天,一年的变化赶得上过去10年的变化,今天,一年的技术进步比过去10年的技术进步都要快。我们最早1998年上互联网的时候,144的猫拨号上网,都觉得很快了,几千字的邮件很快收到了,觉得简直难以置信,但是相信很快每个家庭都需要1G带宽。
所以人类的需求在几乎毫无节制地、进一步贪婪地、快速地增加,这就给我们创业者提供了巨大的机会,消费者有需求,只要你解决问题,满足消费者需求,你就能获得成功。在这个满足需求的过程中产生了很多新的问题,比如环境问题、污染问题、医疗问题、教育问题,这就给很多创业者提供了新的机会。所以我想说,身处我们这个时代,如果大家不去做点事情的话,真的是会让你一生感到后悔,后人终究将记录我们这一代人,这是一个伟大的时代,是值得我们每个人记录、奋斗的时代。
你们每个人都值得回中国去!
最后我想再讲一下中国。我想今天在场的大部分是中国人,很多中国的留学生。几个月之前法国问我,他说你作为企业家怎么看中国经济,中国经济连续增长了十年,年年都说中国经济今年要出这个问题,明年要出那个问题,后年要出问题,都在频繁地讨论。而我认为中国经济不会出问题,为什么?
因为,在今天晚上10点钟你去北京朝阳CBD的时候,你发现所有的商铺都是灯火通明,有无数人在加班加点,中国人在继续努力,只要我们在追求,我相信中国经济不可能出问题;只要中国无数的年轻人在拼命地努力、在创业、在创新,中国的经济就不会出问题;只要还有无数的中国人去美国留学、去欧洲留学、去日本留学,去学习全世界的知识、经验,中国的经济就不会出问题。
过去的30年,可以说我们不断向国外的公司学习,包括京东在内,我们确实也在向美国的公司、日本的公司学习,我们整整学习了30年。到今天我可以毫不客气地告诉大家,中国的企业,特别是互联网领域的民营企业,在没有任何垄断、完全市场化的情况下,几乎都是民企在主打,在这个行业里,中国的企业并不比世界上任何一家公司差,因为我们学得很快。每个中国的互联网企业都知道用户体验的创新,每个中国的创业者,每个中国的企业家都知道人才的重要性,大家都知道必须要留住人,给聪明人提供一个发展的空间,企业才能够成功。我们学会了如何尊重员工、激励员工,和员工一块成长;我们学会了如何利用各种规则,建立了现代企业制度,并且按照全球的贸易规则进行贸易,按照现在最高的企业治理理念在治理自己的企业。
我每次到美国,非常多的华人留学生都会告诉我,说我要在美国工作几年,有了经验之后我再回国,我想告诉大家,没有这个必要,这是10年前的老观念了,那是上一代人的观念。你看高瓴资本,听这名字,起得土不拉叽的,但是我可以告诉大家,从2000万美金到180亿美金,10年的时间,它的成长速度不比全球任何一家优秀的基金公司成长速度慢,甚至更快。我还可以告诉大家,中国的红杉过去5-10年的资本回报率也是高于美国的很多投资公司。现在已经到了这样一个时代,你们每个人都值得回国,加入中国的基金,去高瓴基金,而不是美国的什么基金。
最后三秒钟广告,欢迎大家回国,欢迎大家加入京东的国际管培生计划。
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王健林,男,1954年10月24日出生于四川省广元市,1989年起担任大连万达集团股份有限公司董事长。下面读文网小编整理了王健林哈佛大学发表演讲稿,供你阅读参考。
他身上军人的特质很强,做事干脆。 (柳传志评)
王健林并不仅仅是个埋头苦干的人。他很精明,善于抓住机会,非常雄心勃勃。尽管他是世界级的富翁,在中国之外却很少人知道他。正如他同时代的中国商业巨头那样,王健林抓住了中国从落后的农业国迈向城市经济大国的机遇。 (《财富》评)
他是中国最富有的人之一;他所执掌的商业航母,是全球规模最大的不动产企业一员;他的观点掷地有声;他的商业运作敢为人先;他的市场判断敏锐准确。 (每日经济新闻评)
王健林热爱足球,是中国最有艺术品位的富人。 (马卡报评)
他是敢为天下先的地产大亨,他是与马云对赌一个亿的冒险家,他是中国的房地产首富,两次荣登“胡润房地产富豪榜”榜首,更是以集团形式捐款超过28亿的慈善家,他胆识过人,霸气外露,是血气方刚的企业家,他扬言只要万达进入的行业,其他的企业都没有机会做老大。他拒绝模仿,大胆创新,是名副其实的行动派。 (《中国企业家》评)
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我习惯了被拒绝,马云申请过10次哈佛都拒绝了。下面是读文网小编整理了马云达沃斯演讲:我申请过10次哈佛都被拒绝了,希望对你有所帮助。
“我们需要学会习惯被拒绝,即使是现在。我在找工作的时候被拒绝了三十多次。去肯德基应聘,24个人收下了23个,我是唯一一个被拒绝的。我去考警察,5个人招4个,我又是唯一一个被拒绝的。后来我申请哈佛,被拒绝了10次。”
1 月23日,瑞士达沃斯,马云同世界名嘴查理·罗斯举行“洞察力新观念”对话。此场论坛门票在一秒钟内即被抢光,据现场记者观察,同场次的其他论坛瞬间“无人排队”,成为达沃斯世界经济论坛所有对话中最抢手的一场。听众包括戴尔公司创始人兼CEO迈克尔·戴尔,DHL全球首席执行官林经纶、华为董事长孙亚芳等全球知名的政商界大佬。
被哈佛拒绝10次:我习惯了被拒绝
马云年轻时失败不断的经历,最终成为成功学里屡试不爽劝导年轻人的励志鸡汤。考大学失败三次,考高中失败两次,这些当年“不甚光彩的事迹”在人生耀眼的时刻,味道都变得不一样起来。
被问及“这些被拒绝”的经历对其人生是否产生影响时,马云坦然笑答:影响就是我习惯了被拒绝。
马云似乎从不避讳谈及过往,他甚至还抖出了更多自己被拒绝的料:我复读了3年,参加过30多次面试,都以失败告终。我参加警察的招聘,5个人里录取了4个,我是唯一被拒绝的。甚至后来参加肯德基服务员的面试,24个人面试,录了23个人,我又是唯一被拒绝的。我向哈佛大学递交过10次入学申请,每次都毫无例外的被拒绝。
难怪有网友神点评:有人天生丽质,马哥你是天生励志。
阿里还是个婴儿:我们IPO挺小才250亿美元
即使可以毫不避讳地承认自己CRAZY如马云,即使是5年前对沃尔玛高管狂言“10年后我们会比沃尔玛还要大”,马云今天依旧认为阿里巴巴“还是个婴儿”, “因为相对于未来可以达到的高度,我们今天的规模依然是个婴儿。”与其说他谦虚,不如说这是他对阿里巴巴未来高度的自信宣言。
马云说,他希望15年后人们忘记阿里巴巴,因为阿里到时已经无处不在;15年后人们忘记电子商务,因为电子商务已经在生活中无孔不入,不再是值得谈论的“新鲜事”;15年后,没有人再谈论电子商务怎样方便百姓的生活,因为电子商务已经融入经济的血脉,不可分离。
而对于查理·罗斯发出的评价阿里巴巴IPO规模的邀请,马云狡黠地笑:“我们的IPO盘子其实挺小的,区区250个亿美元。”
他继而解释到,250亿美元的融资背后是来自世界的信任,“给我带来非常大的压力。如今,我们的公司比IBM、沃尔玛还大,我们跻身于世界前50大的公司。”
“我们真的厉害成这样吗?过去,人们说阿里巴巴太差了,和谷歌雅虎简直不能比,那时候我知道我们比大家想的好。但如今,我也知道我们没有大家想得那么好。阿里巴巴只有15年的短暂历史,我们员工的平均年龄是27-28岁,我们在做一件前无古人的事。”马云说。
段子手加表情帝:有些事可随意有些绝对不行
不断自黑,自嘲,加上不停的手舞足蹈挤眉弄眼,让段子手马云同时又多了一个表情帝的称号。
他在论坛上自曝英文名字的由来。当时他接待一个来自美国田纳西州的女士,她说马云的名字“云”太难发音了,于是要帮他取一个英文名。她说,“我的爸爸叫Jack,我的丈夫也叫Jack,要不你也叫Jack”?马云就非常愉快的接受了这个名字。
不得不说,这个英文无比流畅的英文教师的英文名,来的比“小明”还要随意!
而 Alibaba之所以叫Alibaba,也仅仅是因为“洋气”“易读”。同时马云也不无得意的炫耀他的小心思:“Alibaba以A开头,不管怎么排,我们都排在第一个!”听他说完这些,对外界讨论他的“禁语”“悟道”那些津津乐道的“神迹”,突然就变得不那么难以理解了。
与这些随意和任性而为全然不同,马云不停强调,做电子商务“信用”的重要性。说到这里,不由郑重起来。“电子商务最关键的是信任。之前很多外国人和我说中国用关系做生意,但互联网不需要关系。没有信用系统,就没有互联网。”
最开始,很多人很讨厌支付宝冻结付款这种方式,说这是“马云做过的最蠢的事”,但这事最终做成了。“支付宝的起源非常困难,我们最初希望和银行合作,但银行不愿意,觉得简直是异想天开。”
是的,很多异想天开的事情就这样实实在在的,发生了——
阿里改变了很多人生外出经常“被请客”
和大部分创业公司一样,阿里巴巴创业的最初5年,他们只是想生存。但慢慢的,阿里巴巴改变了很多人的人生。
“那些因我们而过的更好的人让我非常感动。”马云说,“有一次我在餐馆吃饭,结账的时候发现账单已经付过了。服务生指了远方的一个人:他已经帮你结账了。他还给一张结账者留给我的字条,上面写着:非常感谢阿里巴巴,我凭借这个平台赚了很多钱,但我知道你没赚什么钱,所以这顿饭还是我请吧!”
还有一次,马云在一个咖啡馆,有陌生人送给他一只雪茄,附上了字条:谢谢你,因为你的公司,我赚了很多钱。
相信那些认为“马云没赚到什么钱”的人们,不久以后就一起见证了马云成为中国首富的那天。不过对于此,马云说的是,“我成为了首富,但我一点也不快乐。如果有机会,我希望做一个老师,启蒙教育年轻人,给他们以激励。我希望用自己的事例教育他们:没有人可以不经历失败,但如果不断抱怨,将永远不会成功。”
嗯,作为一如既往的励志哥,马云在对话的结尾果然还是再次心灵鸡汤了一把。
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演讲既是一门学问,更是一门艺术,是一种整体生命的投入和表现.但是,有的演讲重“演”,有的重“讲”。下是读文网小编整理了朱棣文哈佛演讲:生命太短暂,不能空手过,希望对你有帮助。
XX年6月4日,美国能源部部长朱棣文应邀在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲。朱棣文是1997年诺贝尔物理学奖得主。6月4日,朱棣文获得哈佛大学荣誉博士学位。在演讲中,他语带诙谐地表示,自己名气不够响亮,也非亿万富豪,但至少他是一个“书呆子”。在此选登演讲内容,以飨读者。
尊敬的faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位朋友,以及最重要的各位毕业生同学,
感谢你们,让我有机会同你们一起分享这个美妙的日子。
我不太肯定,自己够得上哈佛大学毕业典礼演讲人这样的殊荣。去年登上这个讲台的是,英国亿万身家的小说家j.k. rowling女士,她最早是一个古典文学的学生。前年站在这里的是比尔·盖茨先生,他是一个超级富翁、一个慈善家和电脑天才。今年很遗憾,你们的演讲人是我,虽然我不是很有钱,但是至少我是一个书呆子。
我很感激哈佛大学给我荣誉学位,这对我很重要,也许比你们会想到的还要重要。要知道,在学术上,我是我们家的异类。我的哥哥在麻省理工学院得到医学博士,在哈佛大学得到哲学博士;我的弟弟在哈佛大学得到一个法律学位。我本人得到诺贝尔奖的时候,我想我的妈妈会高兴。但是,我错了。消息公布的那天早上,我给她打电话,她听了只说:“这是好消息,不过我想知道,你下次什么时候来看我?”如今在我们兄弟当中,我最终也拿到了哈佛学位,我想这一次,她会感到满意。
在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演说,还有一个难处,那就是你们中有些人可能有意见,不喜欢我重复前人演讲中说过的话。我要求你们谅解我,因为两个理由。
首先,为了产生影响力,很重要的方法就是重复传递同样的信息。在科学中,第一个发现者是重要的,但是在得到公认前,最后一个做出这个发现的人也许更重要。
其次,一个借鉴他人的作者,正走在一条前人开辟的最佳道路上。哈佛大学毕业生、诗人爱默生曾经写下:“我最好的一些思想,都是从古人那里偷来的。” 画家毕加索宣称“优秀的艺术家借鉴,伟大的艺术家偷窃。”那么为什么毕业典礼的演说者,就不适用同样的标准呢?
我还要指出一点,向哈佛毕业生发表演说,对我来说是有讽刺意味的,因为如果当年我斗胆向哈佛大学递交入学申请,一定会被拒绝。我的妻子jean当过斯坦福大学的招生主任,她向我保证,如果当年我申请斯坦福大学,她会拒绝我。我把这篇演讲的草稿给她过目,她强烈反对我使用“拒绝”这个词,她从来不拒绝任何申请者。在拒绝信中,她总是写:“我们无法提供你入学机会。”我分不清两者到底有何差别。不过,那些大热门学校的招生主任总是很现实的,堪称“拒绝他人的主任”。很显然,我需要好好学学怎么来推销自己。#p#副标题#e#
毕业典礼演讲都遵循古典奏鸣曲的结构,我的演讲也不例外。刚才是第一乐章——轻快的闲谈。接下来的第二乐章是送上门的忠告。这样的忠告很少有价值,几乎注定被忘记,永远不会被实践。但是,就像王尔德说的:“对于忠告,你所能做的,就是把它送给别人,因为它对你没有任何用处。”所以,下面就是我的忠告。第一,取得成就的时候,不要忘记前人。要感谢你的父母和支持你的朋友,要感谢那些启发过你的教授,尤其要感谢那些上不好课的教授,因为他们迫使你自学。从整体看,自学能力是优秀的文科教育中必不可少的,将成为你成功的关键。你还要去拥抱你的同学,感谢他们同你进行过的许多次彻夜长谈,这为你的教育带来了无法衡量的价值。当然,你还要感谢哈佛大学。不过即使你忘了这一点,校友会也会来提醒你。第二,在你们未来的人生中,做一个慷慨大方的人。在任何谈判中,都把最后一点点利益留给对方。不要把桌上的钱都拿走。在合作中,不要把荣誉留给自己。成功合作的任何一方,都应获得全部荣誉的90%。
电影《harvey》中,jimmy stewart扮演的角色elwood p. dowd,就完全理解这一点。他说:“多年前,母亲曾经对我说,‘elwood,活在这个世界上,你要么做一个聪明人,要么做一个好人。’”我做聪明人,已经做了好多年了。……但是,我推荐你们做好人。你们可以引用我这句话。
我的第三个忠告是,当你开始生活的新阶段时,请跟随你的爱好。如果你没有爱好,就去找,找不到就不罢休。生命太短暂,所以不能空手走过,你必须对某样东西倾注你的深情。我在你们这个年龄,是超级的一根筋,我的目标就是非成为物理学家不可。预测,本世纪末将有50%的可能,气温至少上升5度。这听起来好像不多,但是让我来提醒你,上一次的冰河期,地球的气温也仅仅只下降了6度。那时,俄亥俄州和费城以下的大部分美国和加拿大的土地,都终年被冰川覆盖。气温上升5度的地球,将是一个非常不同的地球。由于变化来得太快,包括人类在内的许多生物,都将很难适应。比如,有人告诉我,在更温暖的环境中,昆虫的个头将变大。我不知道现在身旁嗡嗡叫的这只大苍蝇,是不是就是前兆。
我们还面临另一个幽灵,那就是非线性的“气候引爆点”,这会带来许多严重得多的变化。“气候引爆点”的一个例子就是永久冻土层的融化。永久冻土层经过千万年的累积形成,其中包含了巨量的冻僵的有机物。如果冻土融化,微生物就将广泛繁殖,使得冻土层中的有机物快速腐烂。冷冻后的生物和冷冻前的生物,它们在生物学特性上的差异,我们都很熟悉。在冷库中,冷冻食品在经过长时间保存后,依然可以食用。但是,一旦解冻,食品很快就腐烂了。一个腐烂的永久冻土层,将释放出多少甲烷和二氧化碳?即使只有一部分的碳被释放出来,可能也比我们从工业革命开始释放出来的所有温室气体还要多。这种事情一旦发生,局势就失控了。
气候问题是我们的经济发展在无意中带来的后果。我们太依赖化石能源,冬天取暖,夏天制冷,夜间照明,长途旅行,环球观光。能源是经济繁荣的基础,我们不可能放弃经济繁荣。美国人口占全世界的3%,但是我们消耗全世界25%的能源。与此形成对照,全世界还有16亿人没有电,数亿人依靠燃烧树枝和动物粪便来煮饭。发展中国家的人民享受不到我们的生活,但是他们都看在眼里,他们渴望拥有我们拥有的东西。
这就是新的挑战。全世界作为一个整体,我们到底愿意付出多少,来缓和气候变化?这种变化在1XX年前,根本没人想到过。代际责任深深植根于所有文化中。家长努力工作,为了让他们的孩子有更好的生活。气候变化将影响整个世界,但是我们的天性使得我们只关心个人家庭的福利。我们能不能把全世界看作一个整体?能不能为未来的人们承担起责任?
虽然我忧心忡忡,但是还是对未来抱乐观态度,这个问题将会得到解决。我同意出任劳伦斯·伯克利国家实验室主任,部分原因是我想招募一些世界上最好的科学家,来研究气候变化的对策。我在那里干了4年半,是这个实验室78年的历史中,任期最短的主任,但是当我离任时,在伯克利实验室和伯克利分校,一些非常激动人心的能源研究机构已经建立起来了。能够成为奥巴马施政团队的一员,我感到极其荣幸。如果有一个时机,可以引导美国和全世界走上可持续能源的道路,那么这个时机就是现在。总统已经发出信息,未来并非在劫难逃,而是乐观的,我们依然有机会。我也抱有这种乐观主义。我们面前的任务令人生畏,但是我们能够并且将会成功。#p#副标题#e#
我们已经有了一些答案,可以立竿见影地节约能源和提高能源使用效率。它们不是挂在枝头的水果,而是已经成熟掉在地上了,就看我们愿不愿意捡起来。比如,我们有办法将楼宇的耗电减少80%,增加的投资在15年内就可以收回来。楼宇的耗电占我们能源消费的40%,节能楼宇的推广将使我们二氧化碳的释放减少三分之一。
我们正在加速美国这座巨大的创新机器,这将是下一次美国大繁荣的基础。我们将大量投资有效利用太阳能、风能、核能的新方法,大量投资能够捕获和隔离电厂废气中的二氧化碳的方法。先进的生物燃料和电力汽车将使得我们不再那么依赖外国的石油。
在未来的几十年中,我们几乎肯定会面对更高的油价和更严厉的二氧化碳排放政策。这是一场新的工业革命,美国有机会充当领导者。伟大的冰球选手 wayne gretzky被问到,他如何在冰上跑位,回答说:“我滑向球下一步的位置,而不是它现在的位置。”美国也应该这样做。
奥巴马政府正在为美国的繁荣和可持续能源,打下新的基础。但是我们还有很多不知道的地方。这就需要你们的参与。在本次演讲中,我请求在座各位哈佛毕业生加入我们。你们是我们未来的智力领袖,请花时间加深理解目前的危险局势,然后采取相应的行动。你们是未来的科学家和工程师,我要求你们给我们更好的技术方案。你们是未来的经济学家和政治学家,我要求你们创造更好的政策选择。你们是未来的企业家,我要求你们将可持续发展作为你们业务中不可分割的一部分。
最后,你们是人道主义者,我要求你们为了人道主义说话。气候变化带来的最残酷的讽刺之一,就是最受伤害的人,恰恰就是最无辜的人——那些世界上最穷的人们和那些还没有出生的人。
这个最后乐章的完结部是引用两个人道主义者的话。
第一段引语来自马丁·路德·金。这是1967年他对越南战争结束的评论,但是看上去非常适合用来评论今天的气候危机。
“我呼吁全世界的人们团结一心,抛弃种族、肤色、阶级、国籍的隔阂;我呼吁包罗一切、无条件的对全人类的爱。你会因此遭受误解和误读,信奉尼采哲学的世人会认定你是一个软弱和胆怯的懦夫。但是,这是人类存在下去的绝对必需。……我的朋友,眼前的事实就是,明天就是今天。此刻,我们面临最紧急的情况。在变幻莫测的生活和历史之中,有一样东西叫做悔之晚矣。”
第二段引语来自威廉·福克纳。1950年12月10月,他在诺贝尔奖获奖晚宴上发表演说,谈到了世界在核战争的阴影之下,人道主义者应该扮演什么样的角色。
“我相信人类不会仅仅存在,他还将胜利。人类是不朽的,这不是因为万物当中仅仅他拥有发言权,而是因为他有一个灵魂,一种有同情心、牺牲精神和忍耐力的精神。诗人、作家的责任就是书写这种精神。他们有权力升华人类的心灵,使人类回忆起过去曾经使他无比光荣的东西——勇气、荣誉、希望、自尊、同情、怜悯和牺牲。”各位同学,你们在我们的未来中扮演举足轻重的角色。当你们追求个人的志向时,我希望你们也会发扬奉献精神,积极发声,在大大小小各个方面帮助改进这个世界。这会给你们带来最大的满足感。
最后,请接受我最热烈的祝贺。希望你们成功,也希望你们保护和拯救我们这个星球,为了你们的孩子,以及未来所有的孩子。
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