为您找到与采访大学生就业相关的共116个结果:
每界大学新生都存在很多的问题。以下是读文网小编整理了采访大学新生的问题。供参考。
大学生就业采访问题
1.就业率呈下降趋势
2.就业渠道不畅
3.实践与理论缺乏紧密联系
4.就业观亟待改变
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大学生则应学习“大学”之道,努力把自己塑造成为具备一定“治国安邦”才能的人。今天读文网小编给大家分享一些大学生英语即兴演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
distinguished judges, teachers, students:
good afternoon everyone!
from all the warm applause, i am of my classmates have hope. i will be with perseverance and tenacity to laugh last!
what is life? is patience, tenacity, perseverance is perseverance, perseverance is a kind of toward the goal diligently pursue the process, a destination never give up the spirit!
life is not easy, there are test; life is not smooth, often need to exercise. cannot persist in their pursuit for ideal, can't keep on carving to efforts, will be without a single success.
the development of training, in the face of10 meters of rock climbing and bungy jumping, all the students without fear, the courage to climb, especially some female students to overcome the physiological and psychological aspects of persistent limit, climb, bent upward; we are going forward, courageously try to be the first performance, and take concrete actions to interpret the essence and connotation of perseverance!
one persistent tenacity is strong from the need of necessary conditions. in the face of adversity is from, in the face of difficulties do not bow their heads, is a heroic performance. ancient cloud: adversity makes a man wise, what makes a hero. the setback and the attack for the strong is the driving force and pressure, is succeand victory! as everyone knows, he was arrested and his book; zhong ni and qu yuan banished for spring and autumn; ode to a left thalamic blindness, mandarin; sima qian; the" historical records" prison; beethoven wrote" moonlight sonata". be too numerous to enumerate examples, but the truth is only one, it is perseverance!
in his daily sailing kolumb diary is always written with such a sentence:" we keep going!" this sentence may seem trivial, but contains a profound truth. with this advance courageously spirit, they marched towards the vast sea, acrothe tempestuous waves, after savage wilderness, overcome go through untold hardships, finally found a new continent, completed the history of an amazing feat!
have one words of song, everyone for having heard it many times," no experience of wind and rain, how to see rainbow!" the road of life is not smooth, but carries a beautiful dream, just stick to the direction of life, they will be able to create their own or even human miracle!
finally, i would like to use a poem:
ugly bat with thousands of years of hard work was to win the praise of the poet
a buffalo with a million works won the painter's green eyes,
we are not born for fame and live to die,we are for the faith and to fight song!
thank you.
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大学生由于接受过高等教育,可视为知识分子的一群,今天读文网小编给大家分享一些大学生即兴演讲范文,希望对大家有所帮助。
一直以来,"感恩"在我心中是"感谢恩人"的概念。"恩人"者,乃于己有大恩大德者。而在美国的一次偶遇却让我。误出了感恩的另一层意味。
那是在洛杉矶的一家旅馆。早晨,我在大堂的餐厅里就餐时,发现自己的右前方有三个黑人孩子,在餐桌上埋头写着什么。在就餐的时间、就餐的地方,这三个孩子却没做与吃饭有关的事。我难以按捺心中的好奇,试探着走了过去。在这些孩子的应允下,我坐在了他们旁边。看到我这样一个肤色不同的外国人到来,他们没有一丝扭捏,而是落落大方地和我谈了起来。这三个孩子中一个约莫十二三岁戴眼镜的男孩是老大,女孩八九岁是老二,另外一个小男孩五六岁是老三。从谈话中我了解到他们和母亲是暂时住在这家酒店里的,因为他们正在搬家,新房还未安顿好。
当问他们在做什么时,老大回答说正在写感谢信。他一副理所当然的神情让我满脸疑惑。这三个小孩一大早起来写感谢信?我愣了一阵后追问道:"写给谁的?""给妈妈。"我心中的疑团一个未解一个又生。"为什么?"我又问道。"我们每天都写,这是我们每日必做的功课。"孩子回答道。哪有每天都写感谢信的?真是不可思议!我凑过去看了一眼他们每人手下的那沓纸。老大在纸上写了八九行字,妹妹写了五六行,小弟弟只写了两三行。再细看其中的内容,却是诸如"路边的野花开得真漂亮"、"昨天吃的比萨饼很香"、"昨天妈妈给我讲了一个很有意思的故事"之类的简单语句。我心头一震。原来他们写给妈妈的感谢信不是专门感谢妈妈给他们帮了多大的忙,而是记录下他们幼小心灵中感觉很幸福的一点一滴。他们还不知道什么叫大恩大德,只知道对于每一件美好的事物都应心存感激。他们感谢母亲辛勤的工作,感谢同伴热心的帮助,感谢兄弟姐妹之间的相互理解……他们对许多我们认为是理所当然的事都怀有一颗"感恩的心"。
其实,"感恩"不一定要感谢大恩大德,"感恩"可以是一种生活态度,一种善于发现关并欣赏美的道德情操。人生在世,不如意事十有八九。如果我们囿于这种"不如意"之中,终日惴惴不安,那生活就会索然无趣。相反,如果我们像这些孩子一样,拥有一颗"感恩"的心,善于发现事物的关好,感受平凡中的美丽,那我们就会以坦荡的心境、开阔的胸怀来应对生活中的酸甜苦辣,让原本平淡的生活焕发出迷人的光彩!
作为上帝的儿女,我们是不是也象那三个孩子那样对主每时每刻赐给我们的每一件美好的事物都心存感激呢?
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题目是指诗歌或文章的主题、意旨,书籍的标目;提出来要求解答的问题;借口,名义;评论,品题,今天读文网小编给大家分享一些第四届全国大学生英语演讲赛题目,希望对大家有所帮助。
1.How to behave when applying for a job?
2.I am proud of being Chinese
3.Happy is he who is content
4.How to make our campus life more meaningful?
5.No imagination,no invention
6.What is happiness?
7.Knowledge is power
8.The importance of being creative
9.All roads lead to Rome
10.Knowledge and ability
11.Loyalty
12.My views on chatting on the Internet
13.The importance of reading intensively
14.Failure is the mother of success
15.The positive effects of computers
16.Quantity and quality
17.Be the master of your own fate
18.The negative effects of computers
19.Opportunity is never lost
20.One is never too old to learn
21.Help to protect the environment
22.Never say that you can't
23.How to carry out the quality education?
24.What the world will look like in ten years?
25.How can you achieve pure friendship?
Vigor vigour glamour 27.Is world peace possible?
28.How can we preserve our traditional culture?
29.In face of success
30.How can we protect wildlife?
31.What will WTO bring us?
32.How can we overcome the gap between the rich and the poor?
33.Rome was not built in a day
34.United we stand,divided we fall
35.Money can not buy everything
36.Actions speak louder than words
37.What would you do with three wishes?
38.Experience is the best teacher
39.English as a global language
40.A friend in need is a friend indeed
41.Is the spoken English test necessary?
42.Health and wealth
43.Where there's a will there is a way
44.No Pains,no gains 45.Haste makes waste
46.Practice makes perfect
47.Responsibilities college students should undertake
48.What do I study for?
49.The value of moral education
50.The importance of reading extensively
看了“"第四届全国大学生英语演讲赛题目"”
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你的交际不够成功,可能是因为口才不够好,当你提高了交际口才,你会更受欢迎。如何才能在交际圈中游刃有余,答案是你要提高交际口才,以下面读文网小编整理了大学生口才训练方法,供你阅读参考。
建议你在自己的起居室中或是办公室某一墙面安装一大镜子,每天在朗读过程中,去对着镜子训练,训练自己的眼神,训练自己的表情,训练自己的肢体语言,这样效果更好。
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口才的训练在无形中与我们生活的方方面面有关,许多细节的训练在日常生活中也就变得异常重要了。下面读文网小编整理了大学生演讲训练方法,供你阅读参考。
由于和你交谈的是陌生人,你们是第一次交流。因此,你们的谈话的话题应该较为轻松,不要涉及对方的隐私,如你的月薪是多少啊,你结婚没有啊等一类话题。如果你交谈中这些话题不可避免的涉及到这些话题,则不可以直接发问,而应该采用旁敲侧击的方法,婉转提问。
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孩子成为大学生后,和父母的沟通越来越少,父母增强与孩子沟通,培养感情,并且下面读文网小编整理了父母同大学生沟通的方法,供你阅读参考。
不要对孩子的状态大惊小怪孩子们屏蔽父母的原因往往是因为自己的玩笑话父母会当真,一些并无恶意的网络用语父母看到了会批评。当你看到了孩子的状态的时候,不要急着询问情况,孩子发这些话也许只是随口一说,不必太在意。
多给孩子留一点自由空间不要对孩子的每条状态都点赞,也不要在聊天时常常提起这些状态。孩子们也许会觉得他们发的每一条状态你都了如指掌,产生不适感。“欲擒故纵”不是没有道理的。
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孩子上大学了,以前习惯性的管教方式不起作用了,家长不知所措。这个阶段与高中的教育方式大不同,家长和孩子之间怎么磨合?怎么转换?我们家长准备好了吗?下面读文网小编整理了与大学生孩子沟通的方法,供你阅读参考。
不要一味的关心或者说教现在的大部分大学生父母已经不常向孩子说教了,然而过多的关心也会让孩子感到厌烦。父母们常说想和孩子们成为朋友,然而单方面的关心是难以构成互动交流的。
偶尔的关心是必要的,但请少问“今天晚饭吃了什么?”类的话题。父母们往往以“现在在干什么?”等问题作为聊天的开始,有些同学可能一听到这些问题就会感到不耐烦。
与其问这些问题,不如讲一些不一样的话题,比如在愚人节的时候可以问:“今天你愚人了吗?”或者可以讲一讲自己这几天遇到的事。问问你的孩子什么时候打电话方便父母大多并不了解孩子的作息,有时孩子在图书馆,父母打电话过去就会影响到孩子。问问孩子每天的大致作息,也许你的孩子每天10点回寝室,那你就可以在10点20分左右给他打电话。孩子不愿意说的事不要刨根问底有些事情孩子可能会不好意思告诉父母,或者事情原委比较复杂,不愿意说。这时候,父母应该体谅孩子,不要刨根问题。也许过一段时间以后,孩子自然会和父母讲之前不愿意讲的事了。
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现在越来越多的家长都对孩子的教育很头疼,如何与身为大学生的孩子沟通是一件很重要的事。下面读文网小编整理了家长与大学生沟通的方法,供你阅读参考。
人一生是有几个关键期的,孩子一般2岁学语言效果很好,3-4岁是树立权威的关键期,如果在关键期内不能充分的把握,那过后对于孩子的培养就会费更多的心思和精力。家长在相应的关键期内应注意强化孩子相应的能力,这种强化应该通过鼓励的形式,培养孩子的自觉意识。
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身为大学生要懂得沟通技巧,掌握一定的沟通技巧为以后在社会发展做铺垫。下面读文网小编整理了大学生沟通技巧与艺术的心得,供你阅读参考。
每个人都有自己的人格尊严,并期望在各种场合中得到尊重。尊重能够引发人的信任、坦诚等情感,缩短交往的心理距离。一般来说,大学生的自尊心都较强,因此,大学生在人际交往中尤其要注意尊重的原则,不损伤他人的名誉和人格,承认或肯定他人的能力与成绩。否则,易导致人际关系的紧张和冲突。
坚持尊重的原则,必须注意在态度上和人格上尊重同学,平等待人,讲究语言文明、礼貌待人,不开恶作剧式的玩笑,不乱给同学取绰号,尊重同学的生活习惯。
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人们在社会里、在工作中与人相处的能力会变地越来越重要,甚至超过了工作本身。所以,大学生要好好把握机会,培养自己的沟通协调意识和团队精神。下面读文网小编整理了大学生体现沟通协调的方法,供你阅读参考。
步入美丽的大学校园,喧嚣的寝室,静谧的教室,我们无时无处都在交谈,交谈是传递信息、沟通思想、交流感情的,也应该是愉快的。说话合情理,表达方能顺畅,沟通方能融洽。如何让交谈更轻松、愉快呢?说话得体就很重要,因为得体的语言是一杯香茶,它让人心情气爽,训练说得体的语言,你必须从以下四点去努力:
1、 语气柔和
事实证明,柔和的语言能有效地使谈话顺利进行,它能使开导醍醐灌顶,它能让劝说娓娓动听。办事时,首先征求对方意见,有分歧时商讨的方式解决,这都可以使自己的语气变得柔和。
2、 用语谦逊
谦逊是一种美德,它会产生让人亲近你的魅力,适时的说“拜托”、“请赐教”、“麻烦你了”等话语,既表现了你对对方的尊重,也体现了你知书达理的美好形象。
3、 激言励语
大学生活中,人们难免会碰到困难,遇到挫折,有的人会因此悲观失望、丧失信心。这种时刻最需要别人用飘香的话语给予激励和鼓舞。用激言励语,就是人们在面临困难和挫折,需要鼓励似的“振奋剂”。
4、 夸言赞语
“十步之内,必有芳草”,交谈时,请不要吝啬你的“美言”,而要善于发现别人的优点,并予以称赞。因为夸奖是人际交往沟通中的“亲和剂”。现实生活中,每一个人都有一定的优点长处。或许他有一项技能,在其他人眼里毫不足道,而在他心中却是了不起的特长。或许他有一个小小的长处,连他自己都没发现,如果你将他这些道出,并由衷的欣赏夸赞,他会能不感动吗?这些激起了别人的自信心和荣誉感,别人也会因此对你产生好感。你不仅提升了社交能力,还会拥有一份好人缘,从而为你以后的事业成功插上腾飞的翅膀。
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学会与人相处,与同学沟通交流,这是大学中的一门"必修课"。下面读文网小编整理了大学生与同学沟通交流的方法,供你阅读参考。
第一,以诚待人、以责人之心责己、以恕已之心恕人。对别人要抱着诚挚,宽容的胸襟,对自己要怀着自我批评,有过必改的态度。与人交往时,你怎样对待别人,别人也会怎样对待你。好比照镜子一样,你自己的表情和态度,可以从他人对你流露出的表情和态度中一览无遗。你若以诚待人,别人也会以诚待你。你若敌视别人,别人也会敌视你。最真挚的友情和最难解的仇恨都是由这种"反射"原理逐步造成的。因此当你想修正别人时,你应该先修正自己。你想别人怎么对你,你就应该怎么对人。你想他人理解你,你就要首先理解他热。
第二,培养真正的友情。如果能做到第一点,很多大学时的朋友就会成为你一辈子的知己。在一起求学和寻求自身发展的道路上,这样的友谊弥足珍贵。交朋友时,不要只去找与你性情相近或只会附和你的人做朋友。好朋友有很多种:乐观的朋友、智慧的朋友、脚踏实地的朋友、幽默风趣的朋友、激励你上进的朋友、提升你能力的朋友、帮你了解自己的朋友、对你说实话的朋友等等。此外,大学时谈恋爱也可以教你如何照顾别人,增进同情心和自控力,但恋爱这件事要一切随缘,不必为了谈恋爱而谈恋爱。
第三,学习团队精神和沟通能力。社团是微观的社会,参与社团是步入社会前最好的磨练。在社团中,可以培养团队合作的能力和领导才能,也可以发挥你的专业特长。但更重要的是,你要做一个诚心诚意的服务者和志愿者,或在担任学生工作时主动扮演同学和老师之间沟通桥梁的角色,并依次锻炼自己的沟通能力,为同学和老师服务。这样的学习过程也不会很轻松,挫折是肯定有的,但是不要灰心,大学社团里的人际交往是一种不用"付学费"的学习,犯了错误也可以重头来过。
第四,从周围的人身上学习。在班级里、社团中,多观察周围的同学,特别是那些你觉得交往能力和沟通能李特别强的同学,看他们是如何与人相处的。比如,看他们如何处理交往中的冲突、如何说服他人和影响他人、如何发挥自己的合作和协调能力、如何表达对他人的尊重和真诚、如何表示赞许或反对,如何在不冒犯他人的情况下充分展示个性等等。通过观察和模仿,你渐渐地会发现,自己的人际沟通能力会有意想不到的改进。在学校里,每一个朋友都可以成为你的良师,他们的热心、幽默、机智、博学、正直、沟通、礼貌等品德都可以成为你的学习对象。当然,你也应当慷慨地帮助每一个朋友,试着做他们的良师和模范。
第五,提高自身修养和人格魅力。如果觉得没有特长、没有爱好可以会成为自己人际交往能力提高的一个障碍,那么,你可以有意识地去选择和培养一些兴趣爱好。共同的兴趣和爱好也是你与朋友建立深厚感情的途径之一。很多在事业上有所建树的人都不是只会闭门苦读的书呆子,他们大多都有自己的兴趣和爱好。我在微软亚洲研究院的同事中就有绘画、桥牌和体育运动方面的高手。业余爱好不仅是人际交往的一种方式,还可以让大家发掘自己在读书以外的潜能。例如,体育锻炼既可以发挥你的运动潜能,也可以培养你的团队合作精神。如果真的没有什么兴趣爱好,那么,多读些好书丰富自己的知识也可以改进自己的沟通交往能力里,因为没有什么比智慧和渊博更能体现一个人的人格魅力了。
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通已成为当今时代的重大主题,沟通能力的强弱决定了大学生毕业后走向社会的核心竞争力.本文针对当代大学生沟通能力较差、沟通意识薄弱、缺乏沟通知识和实践的现实情况,探讨了培养和提高当代大学生沟通能力的策略与途径.下面读文网小编整理了当代大学生提高沟通能力的方法,供你阅读参考。
一、 调整心态,蓄势而发
既然大学里人际关系比中学时代复杂得多,人与人之间交往难免有不和谐因素,这是无法回避的,那我们就要正视现实,及时调整心态,坦然面对大学新环境,平和自己心态,首先要做到不抱怨、不牢骚。走入美丽的‘象牙塔’,对一些不必要的琐事,尽管它会对你心理上产生一些反差,但不能一味的抱怨,而应静下心来,分析一下:环境不适应,处理人际关系不如意,是不是因为自己过于追求完美,对事不够宽容?这时你要放远眼光,积累自己的实力,有道是“牢骚太盛防肠断,风物长宜放眼量”。告别抱怨、牢骚,就是告别了灰暗、消极。调整积极心态,融入大学环境。其次,要做到:自然微笑,沟通情感。微笑是亲和、友好的一种表示。在人与人之间的交往中,最美的东西就是真诚甜美的微笑。面带微笑就等于在告诉和你交往的人:见到你很高兴,我很喜欢你,你让我快了。微笑缩短了人与人之间的距离,增强了彼此的亲和力。与对方交往时,你从轻松自然的微笑开始,对方就会被你的热情的微笑所感染,也就会自然而然的以热情之心回报给你,自然表达顺畅了,沟通能力在无形中得以提升。
二、 彬彬有礼,仪态万方
当你看到一个人的时候,会对他有个初步的印象,这就是第一印象。很多人也会凭借第一印象来判断你,为了防止别人以第一印象判断你,避免得到鄙视和排斥,丧失提升表达、交往、沟通能力的大好机会,你必须用心调整自己,表现出“一表人才”的样子。使人一见面就会产生与你交往沟通的意愿,所以有时间的时候研究一下自己的形象,用心而不是用钱,留意而不是随意。我认为,要保持正面的第一印象,必须要做到穿着干净整齐,仪表热情有礼。
如在人际交往的过程中,穿着要大方得体;坐时身体要略微向前倾,轻易不要靠在椅背上;女生坐时要并拢双腿,否则穿裙子时,会尤其显得难看;说话时,手势不宜太多,以免给人留下轻狂不羁的印象;喝水不宜大声或不小心把水洒在桌子上或地上;即便是打喷嚏,往事之后都应该说声对不起等等。这些都可以说是文明礼貌方面的要求,看似简单和琐碎,实则是一个人修养品位随时随地、简明而深刻的体现。仪容举止文明礼貌,是一封四方通用的自荐书,一定能赢得他人的尊重和好感。这些看似外在的与提升表达、交往、沟通能力似乎有一定的距离,但实际上,它起着烘托目的的作用。
当然,当代大学生谁不想拥有彬彬有礼、仪表万方的良好形象呢?但它不是一朝一夕、轻而易举可获得的,它是在与人交往中持之以恒重做人、日积月累形成的。
三、 说话合情理,欣赏你我他
步入美丽的大学校园,喧嚣的寝室,静谧的教室,我们无时无处都在交谈,交谈是传递信息、沟通思想、交流感情的,也应该是愉快的。说话合情理,表达方能顺畅,沟通方能融洽。如何让交谈更轻松、愉快呢?说话得体就很重要,因为得体的语言是一杯香茶,它让人心情气爽,训练说得体的语言,你必须从以下四点去努力:
1、 语气柔和
事实证明,柔和的语言能有效地使谈话顺利进行,它能使开导醍醐灌顶,它能让劝说娓娓动听。办事时,首先征求对方意见,有分歧时商讨的方式解决,这都可以使自己的语气变得柔和。
2、 用语谦逊
谦逊是一种美德,它会产生让人亲近你的魅力,适时的说“拜托”、“请赐教”、“麻烦你了”等话语,既表现了你对对方的尊重,也体现了你知书达理的美好形象。
3、 激言励语
大学生活中,人们难免会碰到困难,遇到挫折,有的人会因此悲观失望、丧失信心。这种时刻最需要别人用飘香的话语给予激励和鼓舞。用激言励语,就是人们在面临困难和挫折,需要鼓励似的“振奋剂”。
4、 夸言赞语
“十步之内,必有芳草”,交谈时,请不要吝啬你的“美言”,而要善于发现别人的优点,并予以称赞。因为夸奖是人际交往沟通中的“亲和剂”。现实生活中,每一个人都有一定的优点长处。或许他有一项技能,在其他人眼里毫不足道,而在他心中却是了不起的特长。或许他有一个小小的长处,连他自己都没发现,如果你将他这些道出,并由衷的欣赏夸赞,他会能不感动吗?这些激起了别人的自信心和荣誉感,别人也会因此对你产生好感。你不仅提升了社交能力,还会拥有一份好人缘,从而为你以后的事业成功插上腾飞的翅膀。
四、 专心修炼“内力”,展示社交风采
前面我们讲到的“一表人才”,它应该是由内而外的,我们不仅要重视外在的积累,也不能忽视内在的修炼。因为内在的东西才是主导,外在的一切都是根据内在而改变的。注重“内修”,就是要敢于和善于推销自己,把自己的特长和才能用自己的语言或者行为淋漓精致的表达出来,展示作为大学生应有的社交风采。那么作为大学生应该从哪些方面去修炼“内力”呢?
1、 多读、多背、多用
读书不仅有利于积累说话所需要的各种知识,而且经常朗读还可以使人口齿伶俐。增强交谈能力,探索如何提高谈话的内容和力度,都要求大学生要扩充读书量。因此,大学生应定期去图书馆、资料室、书店逛逛,与好书交朋友。读书量的扩充会是你的话题大大增加,有助于你取得谈话的成功。如,积累了大量的谈资,即使与陌生人交谈,你也会轻松很多。
2、 参与社会活动
人们常说“与他人打交道,就是与通过他人所反映出来的自己打交道。”接触各种各样的人,交谈的话题就会不断的得到拓展,人性也会慢慢变得成熟。所以修炼“内力”,就一定要积极参与社会活动,努力扩大人际关系,去体验多种生活经历。如,去听讲座、会议,做各类社会活动的志愿者,实习,做社会调查,参与社会公益活动,乃至旅游。适当把周末与假期放在校外活动上,进入非校园社会活动圈。这里需要对大学生提醒的是,进入社会活动场合前,需要准备好名片,写好自己的学校、系科,以及其他校园头衔。有了名片就有了获得对方联系方式的理由。你可以有礼貌而尊敬的告诉对方,你非常欣赏他(她),希望交换一张名片。即使对方没有,也可以要求对方留下联系方式。得到名片或者其他联系方式后,要主动给别人发邮件或者短信。
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21%的大学生感到“人际交往”有困难,从而引发自闭症心理。正因如此,深入了解人际交往艺术、迅速掌握各种交往技巧成为大学生的迫切需要。下面读文网小编整理了和自闭大学生沟通的方法,供你阅读参考。
1.社交发展方面
对外界事物不感兴趣,自闭症患儿不大察觉别人的存在;与人缺乏目光接触,未能主动与人交往,分享或参与活动;在群处方面,模仿力较弱,未能掌握社交技巧,缺乏合作性;想象力较弱,极少通过玩具进行象征性的游戏活动。
2.语言和沟通有所障碍
约有50%自闭症患者没有沟通性的语言;有语言沟通的自闭症患者,也常表现出鹦鹉式的仿说、代名词反转、声调缺乏变化、答非所问的情形。
3.病态依恋某些特殊物品
自闭症患者通常会对某些物品发生特殊的兴趣,如积木、收音机、球等,以至于达到依恋的程度。他们对这些东西爱不释手,且能在玩耍中感到满足,如将这些物品拿走,则会引起哭闹、惊慌。此外,自闭症患者很少参加周围其他人的游戏,在他们的世界里,一个人玩耍反而高兴,常常自得其乐。
4.有刻板重复动作
自闭症患者常坚持重复刻板的游戏模式和生活活动模式,抵抗改变,缺乏变化和想象力。如自闭症患者常常反复玩弄一样东西;坐的位置不能改变;东西放的地方不能改变;生活内容的顺序必须保持原样等。顽固地保持原样不变是孤独症的重要症状之一。
5.人际交往障碍
自闭症患者常常感到特别孤独,与人缺乏交往,缺乏情感的联系。例如很多患有自闭症的新生儿被抱起时不与母亲贴身;7-8个月时被亲人或其他人抱起时反应无差异;患儿对父母的归来和离去无动于衷,没有依恋之情;对亲人和对生人一样,与生人在一起时,他们也不感到畏惧。通常来说,患有自闭症的患儿缺乏与人眼对眼的凝视,常常回避与人的对视,与周围人缺乏情感的交流。
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乔治·索罗斯(George Soros),1930年8月12日生于匈牙利布达佩斯,犹太人。本名是捷尔吉·施瓦茨(Gyoumlrgy Schwartz),匈牙利出生的美国籍犹太裔商人,著名的慈善家,货币投机家,股票投资者和政治行动主义分子。下面读文网分享了索罗斯达沃斯接受彭博采访全文,供你阅读。
George Soros: Well, it's one of the -- basically, the key issue is deflation. Now, you don't -- it's a condition that we are not used to. None of us have lived in a deflationary environment. The last time we had that is in the 1930s. And the -- while I was around, I was not yet engaged in the markets.
So we just don't know how to handle it. It's a different environment. But now, we have to fix it.
LACQUA: On China, do you expect, actually, a -- a hard landing?
George Soros: Well, it's -- it has happened. We -- I'm merely -- I'm not expecting it, I'm just observing it. But China can manage it. It's got -- it's got resources. It has a greater latitude in using policies than most other countries because it has over $3 trillion of reserves and so on.
However, they have a way of inflicting their problem, passing it on to the rest of the world.
So they can -- they can handle it, even if they don't get the position right. They can certainly continue for two or three years on the wrong course.
But the effect on the rest of the world -- and that is actually mainly deflation. It's a source -- it's one of the sources of deflation. You've got basically three major root causes. One is China. The other one is oil and raw material prices. And the third is competitive devaluation or beggar thy neighbor policies. And you have all three.
LACQUA: How difficult is it for central banks to fight deflation? We're at zero band, almost. Is there any ammunition left?
George Soros: Well, it's -- it's difficult because whether you have minus 20 basis points or minus 30 basis points is not going to stimulate the economy. Quantitative easing has worked. It has saved the world from the deflation, the great depression. That's the lesson we have learned from the 1930s. It's Ben Bernanke who learned it. He knew it. And when he realized that he underestimated the magnitude of the problem, he used his knowledge and he engaged in a two-pronged, which is when you lose control of the -- of a car, right, you have to turn the wheel in the direction in which the skid is taking you. And when you have regained control, then you correct direction.
So the first step was to flood the money -- the market with money. And it's a long-term maneuver. The Fed was being (INAUDIBLE) was the first one to reach the point where it wanted to correct the second curve and reached it last year and started talking about it.
But they didn't act.
And by the time they act -- that they acted, the window of opportunity closed. So they acted at the wrong time. One year too late, by raising interest rates when the European economy is already -- not the European, the U.S. economy is already slowing down.
And that's because of deflation, because -- and that was the -- it really became apparent in December when you had the benefit of lower oil prices, which is -- which gave you effectively a tax cut, but the households, instead of spending the extra money, saved it to -- used it to improve their own finances because they felt they could buy the same goods cheaper next year.
LACQUA: If you're saying that the Fed hike in December is a mistake, so the Fed, at that moment, is telling us four rate hikes this year. The market believes two rate hikes.
Do you think that actually Janet Yellin will have to revert -- reverse and cut rates?
George Soros: Yes, well...
LACQUA: This year?
George Soros: -- it is -- I -- I would be very surprised if you had another increase in the rates. There were supposed to be four. And effectively, they were aiming at getting up to 3 percent. That would have been back to normal. It would have given them more ammunition to then -- to ease when the -- you have downward pressure.
But they can't get there.
LACQUA: But do you think she'll have to cut? And if she does cut, does...
George Soros: Who does?
LACQUA: Janet Yellin. If the Fed has to cut rates, to reverse that rate hike which you think is a mistake, what does it do to her credibility...
George Soros: No. Well, a mistake has happened and if you have to correct it, it's the right thing and not to stick to it.
But so it could happen that they cut it. But that won't be much of a stimulus. In other words, the quantitative easing works, but it has a diminishing return.
LACQUA: But how did quantitative easing actually work if deflation has to do with oil prices? I mean it's quite difficult in this environment, even if you look at Mario Draghi, he's been trying to get inflation up and it hasn't quite worked. Do we have to look through the oil price to -- to look at the pressures of deflation?
George Soros: Yes. Well, you can't look through it, because it's right there. So Draghi is going to expand the -- because he now has, apparently, that's what he said today, he has the support of the Bundesbank. And he has the evidence of the slowdown. So he will do it.
LACQUA: How would you play the markets in this kind of environment? What do you buy?
George Soros: Yes. Well, I -- I'm no longer, you know, in the markets, so I don't know the details. I'm -- I've become the -- the Eisi (ph) Berlin's hedgehog, you know, one big idea. The one big idea is deflation.
And therefore, since I don't know the market, I shorted SNPs, I shorted the raw material producing countries and Asian countries' currencies against the dollar and I went long, government -- U.S. government bonds.
LACQUA: This was at the end of last year?
George Soros: This was at...
LACQUA: And do you approved (INAUDIBLE)?
George Soros: Yes.
LACQUA: For this year? When -- when does deflation start being a concern? What will kick start inflation?
George Soros: Well, no, you -- I think this year is going to be a difficult year and the balance is at the -- is on the down side. So I think -- I don't -- you may hit a bottom, you know, I mean it's been declining rather rapidly. And, actually, it hit some kind of a bottom yesterday, because there was a give-up, there was a beginning of a panic. And it took -- it turned around. But it wasn't a classic bottom, because it didn't have the big shift. And it still ended down. Today, there is a follow-through. So you could have a bounce.
But I don't think this is a good entry point here, because you already have, let's say, normally you recover one third to two thirds of the -- of the loss. Well, you have almost recovered one third already.
So it's -- and if you have a real bottom, it's always retested. So this -- this is not a time to buy, in my opinion, but rather to -- for those who have to sell, sell.
LACQUA: Wait, because we will probably see another correction. Do you worry about the U.K. leaving the EU?
George Soros: Well, I don't know too much about -- I notice the currency made a new low. That's probably good for stimulating (INAUDIBLE). I don't know enough about that. As I said, I'm a hedgehog.
LACQUA: Talking about new lows, we also had the ruble touching a new low.
George Soros: Pardon?
LACQUA: We also had the ruble touching a new low.
George Soros: Yes. You -- yes.
LACQUA: A record low.
George Soros: Yes.
LACQUA: What's your take on Russia?
George Soros: Well...
LACQUA: How much do we understand about what President Putin wants to do next?
George Soros: Well, I think it's very clear that Russia is in a very, very weak position. It can, again, it has enough reserves that it can last a couple of years.
There's a big year for it in 2017, when a lot of debt comes due.
So I would say that's -- they have to do something now. And, in fact, they are doing something, because they're -- their balance -- budget will drop to 6 percent and they have to cut it to 3 percent. So they want a -- an overall reduction between 5 percent and 10 percent in their -- in their budget.
And that actually violates the social compact that has made him so popular, which is basically financial stability and a steadily slowly but steadily rising standard of living.
And that, you know, is violating. And he has to do something about it.
So he, you know, he's acting from a very weak position. And that's why -- that's what makes him adventurous. That's what -- that's why he takes big risks, because he knows he needs to do something. And that's why he went into Syria, as well, hoping that it would improve his conditions.
So actually, you now have a race against time. There's a -- the impeding collapse of the Russian economy and the actually occurring collapse of the European Union. And it's a question which -- who collapses more and sooner.
And unfortunately, the EU is winning that race. And that's why I am so thrilled by (INAUDIBLE) turning around and I'm really an enthusiastic supporter, because that's what you need to do something when you are in -- you are in danger.
And it it's a U-turn for him, because he's, you know, opposed to adding to the debt. But when should you use the debt, except when you are in -- you are in danger, right?
So I am all for it.
LACQUA: What is the solution for -- on the refugee crisis in Europe?
George Soros: Well, it's, basically, you have to set a high enough target for refugees to be accepted. Let's say a million a year. And you have to make it clear that you will keep that open until those who qualify are actually accepted.
And then, you can demand that they should stay where they are and wait their turn. And that way, they won't rush, as they do now, to get here while the door is still open.
And that will reduce the flow to manageable proportions, where because now, we have past a tipping point where the influx reduces the ability -- capacity of the receiving countries to assimilate or to integrate the refugees.
So you have a panic. With -- without a common European asylum policy, there is a panic. It's like a cinema on fire without exit signs.
And that effects every -- the population, the general population, the refugees and the authorities that are in charge of maintaining law and order.
So there's a genuine panic.
And then it's everybody out for himself. I can't blame Victor Urban (ph) for trying to protect Hungary's borders under those conditions. I can blame him for refusing to participate in a common asylum policy. That is the problem. And he's not the only one.
You have now got a lot of countries opposed. But this is what you need.
And then, you then have to have a comprehensive policy that reaches beyond the borders of the European Union and you look after the refugees where they're currently situated.
And that is about to happen. We are on the -- we are doing it. There's going to be a summit on February 4th in London, co-chaired by Cameron and (INAUDIBLE)...
LACQUA: (INAUDIBLE).
George Soros: -- Maco (ph). And this will be directed at Jordan, which is a small country, 6.8 million people, with 25 percent of the population is Syrian refugees.
So there's a tremendous number. And now, the -- there are new refugees coming from Syria because the Russians are bombing the civilian population in the south of Syria and pushing them into Jordan.
So unless you did something to make the plan is now to open the common market to special economic zones, where people can -- multinationals and local and Syrian entrepreneurs can set up businesses and they have free access to a European market.
And their -- that will give employment both to the refugees and to the local population. And that should help to stabilize the situation and make it possible for them even to accommodate the newly coming refugees.
So that's a step in the right direction. And the same negotiations argon with Turkey. Turkey has now passed a law which allows 10 percent of companies to be Syrian refugees. So that will provide employment for them.
And you also have to improve the education of the children. And then they will not come, so the flow will be brought under control.
LACQUA: (INAUDIBLE).
George Soros: And that...
LACQUA: Mr. Soros, are you -- are you worried so about the political future of Angela Merkel?
Will she have to backtrack on the promises she's made to refugees because of the backlash at home?
George Soros: Yes, unfortunately, she uncharacteristically risked her political capital on this issue. She realized that the migration could tear Europe apart. She was -- unfortunately, she was right. And she wanted to stop it.
So she risked her political capital and she lost, because the -- her gesture of opening up Germany was not properly prepared. You see, you should have created this asylum policy, etc.
But actually, by doing it, she has made it possible to speak about accepting a million refugees because effectively, Germany is accepting them.
So in a way, by making that imaginative response, she made it now possible to have an asylum policy.
That's the sine quo non.
LACQUA: Will we find more of a solution in the Middle East in the next 12 months?
And -- and, again, what role does Russia have to play in this?
George Soros: Well, unfor -- as I say, the situation is not good because Putin, since he's in a race with the European Union, he wants the European Union to collapse and therefore he's generating -- he's using the refugee crisis as a -- a way of disintegrating Europe.
So the bombing is going on. So there is a -- there is a negotiations. But the bombing is still. And the Americans are trying to find out whether he's serious when he's talking about a political settlement or whether he's just playing with us.
And unfortunately, I'm afraid the latter is the case. So because of that, you can't expect a solution at the root, namely Syria.
LACQUA: Given all this, the market turmoil, China, concerns about deflation, geopolitics and also the risk of (INAUDIBLE), is there anything that would make us hopeful about the next 12 months?
George Soros: Look, I can see the building stones being placed for solving all the problems. There are six of them, the crises, with the exception of Greece.
And all you need to do is to put it somehow together, because all those con -- they are all interconnected. And you have to put it together and you have to solve one problem, which is the, to my mind, the key is this asylum policy.
So I've been very much engaged in bringing this apart -- about. We are engaged in all over Europe on this issue. This is a major -- it has always been a major issue for my foundations. You know, I was myself a stateless person, a migrant, for 15 years. But the migrants in those days were better treated. So I could study, I could get a job, I could have a travel document. You know, I had a plan to make $100,000 and then retire on the proceeds. And I could outperform that target. All this while I was a displaced person.
So unfortunately -- so now that I am a bit of a senior statesman, my loyalty is for the stateless people.
LACQUA: I'm going to take questions from the floor, so if you do have any questions, please e-mail themsorosdavos2016@gmail.com. And whilst you do, then I already have a couple of questions.
Mr. Soros, just give us a sense of how you were talking about these problems and the refugees also bursting at the seams.
Is there a chance that actually the world economy falls into recession because of everything we've talked about just now?
George Soros: Yes. No, I mean the -- the deflation and the global slowdown makes everything worse. It's a bad background for sectoral changes. So it compounds the difficulties.
But as I say, I see the turnaround afterwards. So I see the end -- the light at the end of the tunnel, I just don't know how to get there.
LACQUA: One question which is coming in, which is greater, the amount of money you made on your deflation trade or the amount of money you gave away in 2015?#p#副标题#e#
George Soros: Unfortunately, I didn't make enough because I give away a billion dollars a year. And that's -- it's a smaller trade.
LACQUA: We have another question.
What do you think of social impact bonds as a way to fund critical human needs?
George Soros: I think it's a -- those are interesting proposals. I haven't been deeply involved in them. But I think it's a -- I've heard about the proposal that was launched here in Davos and I think it's a good initiative.
LACQUA: So we've mentioned a lot of crises, but we didn't talk about the U.S. elections. How worried are you by the popularity of Donald Trump?
George Soros: Well, it's un -- Donald Trump is doing the work of ISIS.
(LAUGHTER)
George Soros: ISIS and before that al Qaeda discovered the Achilles' heel of Western civilization, the fear of death. And when it -- it's -- it interferes with reason and people do things out of fear which is actually harmful.
And that's what -- by fear-mongering, Donald Trump and the others, Cruz and so on, are doing the work of ISIS.
And the -- I actually listened to the debates. And it's a very simple message. I found it difficult to resist it. I was -- you know, it's a -- because it's so elemental.
The only thing that stopped me is the knowledge that it must be wrong to do what your enemies want you to do. They want people to turn against Muslims, to treat them as -- with suspicion and convince the Muslim community that there is no alternative except terrorism.
And so the -- it turns the young Muslim population into a breeding ground for terrorists. And we must resist that, because we are doing the work of ISIS.
But at the same time, I don't think the threat by ISIS should be overestimated because they are very successful in exploiting this fear of death in the Western society.
But they are losing ground on the -- in their -- in Syria, in the caliphate. And they know that their days are numbered, because their -- in Iraq, the Iraqi Army is going to squeeze them out and I think in Syria, they have to govern. And they've turned the local population against them.
So ISIS is also doing this from a very weak position.
So this is the amazing thing in the world today, that it's sort of a competition of weakness.
LACQUA: But what does the fact that Donald Trump is not fading, right, that he -- he is still very popular -- tell us about the angst or fears about voters and -- and what are the polities -- policies that the voters in the U.S. should be focusing on?
George Soros: Well, here, I have to confess to a little bit of bias, so take that into account. I think it all -- it's going to lead to a landslide for Hillary Clinton in the popular vote, not in the electoral vote, because there, paid political announcements will have a big role.
And so the electoral thing will be closer. But the popular vote will be a landslide because she is campaigning for the general elections, whereas the Republicans are fighting for the primary. And the primary is a small minority of extremists.
And so they are all moved -- moving in that direction. And while I don't think that Donald Trump has any chance of being elected, he will -- may have the role of kingmaker, because he will have -- he's lasted long enough, he will get quite a bit of -- quite a few votes.
LACQUA: But you think Hillary Clinton is a done deal...
George Soros: I think I...
LACQUA: -- for -- for the Democrats?
George Soros: Yes. And I do think, actually, she's the one who's most qualified. But that's my bias.
LACQUA: I have another question. How does reflexivity fit into the current deflationary theme?
George Soros: Well, that would -- have to tell you more about the conceptual framework that I use for the analysis. And that's -- I call it the human uncertainty principle. And it's built on two pillars -- fallibility and reflexivity. And the main idea is that natural science has been more successful in bringing the force of -- forces of nature, understanding the forces of nature and bringing them under our control than we have been able to govern ourselves.
So as a result, our ability to destroy our civilization has increased and our ability to govern ourselves hasn't.
And so we are -- we have the capacity to destroy ourselves, with obviously a global (INAUDIBLE) climate changes, manmade, is a typical example or a -- of that. And we haven't got international governance. In fact, it's breaking down.
So that's the situation.
However, I think we are learning more about how markets and societies function, so there is a revolution in the social sciences.
I set up The Institute for New Economic Thinking, INET, in 2009. And I think we have already convinced the world that the prevailing economic doctrine of efficient markets and rational expectations is false.
But we haven't yet produced new insights. But it's now happening. And we are learning a lot. And I am hopeful that we'll learn enough and fast enough that we will learn to bring deflation under control.
And there, I think actually at that turn, we'll see the chairman of INET, who was, you know, before the head of the British equivalent of the SEC and so on. He will -- he wrote a book which I think gives a -- the -- the solution, actually, because he says that we have more that -- the difference between now and 1930s, that we go into the crisis already over indebted.
And therefore, you can't just increase the debt. What you need to do, actually, is to print money.
LACQUA: You can't just print money.
George Soros: What?
LACQUA: You cannot just print money.
George Soros: Well, you can, but it's against -- against the rules, particularly in the European Union. So you have to find a way around it. And you can do it.
LACQUA: I have a question on China. There is a lot of pessimism in China, but will the crisis situation also be an opportunity to push through reforms?
George Soros: China is at a crossroads. Xi Jinping wants to impose party discipline and at the same time he's trying to find a market solution. And the two can't be reconciled. So one or the other has to give.
Either the -- there has to be political reforms, as well as economic reforms, or the transition will fail, the market-based transition.
We have a great interest that it should succeed. So we have to sort of support it as much as one can from the outside.
But it's really up for grabs. And it's one of the big unresolved questions. I hope that the -- actually, there is a lot of resistance inside China to this tight party control. There's a lot of open society people inside the government. And they are putting up a pretty strong resistance.
And I hope they will succeed.
LACQUA: If you have questions, do e-mail them in. We still have just one or two questions. On China, the vice president of China was here in Davos. And he says they are not actively pursuing a policy of devaluating the yuan.
Do you believe him?
George Soros: No, I think that they made a commitment to -- when Xi Jinping was in Washington. He made a commitment that he will bring the depreciation of the currency. But the depreciation against a basket of currencies, which nevertheless involves depreciation against the dollar, because the current -- the renminbi was tied to the dollar. Now, it's a basket.
And if the dollar appreciates, it -- then the renminbi depreciates. And that's still happening.
So...
LACQUA: I have -- I have two final questions.
What do you -- why do you think Poland is copying Hungary in its politics and political choices? And where will this lead to?
George Soros: Poland and that...
LACQUA: Poland...
George Soros: -- Poland...
LACQUA: Poland copying Hungary.
George Soros: Yes, well, Poland is copying Hungary and that's a very unfortunate development because Poland is a big country compared to Hungary. It's been a very successful coun -- country, also. The economy has been one of the strongest in Europe. And the new regime has taken the play book from Orban (ph) and introduced it.
And it really violates the laws of the European Union. And the European Union is -- has responded to it rather vigilantly and is now cracking down.
And (INAUDIBLE) has downgraded, so the zloty has fallen and I think the polish population has woken up that they've made a mistake.
They were voting against the previous government, but there was no loyal opposition. There was only a disloyal opposition.
So they brought the disloyal, anti-European party into power. But Poland -- the polish population is very much committed to Europe and very worried about Russia.
So there is now serious resistance and I hope it will succeed.
LACQUA: One final question.What is the biggest threat to the open society today?
George Soros: Well, the open society always -- is always under threat. Right now, you have this -- the ISIS -- the jihadi extremism, for instance. But open society has always some excesses that it has to combat.
In my generation, it was communism, actually. So every generation has to go through every experience that open society could collapse.
It's a -- how should I say, it's a very advanced process and reason doesn't naturally prevail. And let's say the fear of death now can really undermine the rule of reason. And that's what's happening.
LACQUA: George Soros, thank you so much.
George Soros: Good. Thank you.
索罗斯的经典名言:
1、市场总是错的。
2、重要的不是你的判断是错还是对,而是在你正确的时候要最大限度地发挥出你的力量来!
3、"我生来一贫如洗,但决不能死时仍旧贫困潦倒。”——挂在办公室的墙壁上。
4、如果你经营状况欠佳,那么,第一步你要减少投入,但不要收回资金。当你重新投入的时候,一开始投入数量要小。
5、不知道未来会发生什么并不可怕,可怕的是不知道如果发生什么就该如何应对。
6、要想获得成功,必须要有充足的自由时间。
7、在股票市场上,寻求别人还没有意识到的突变。
8、股市通常是不可信赖的,因而,如果在华尔街地区你跟曾别人赶时髦,那么,你的股票经营注定是十分惨淡的。
9、身在市场,你就得准备忍受痛苦。
10、如果你的投资运行良好,那么,跟着感觉走,并且把你所有的资产投入进去。
11、人们认为我不会出错,这完全是一种误解。我坦率地说,对任何事情,我和其他人犯同样多的错误。不过,我的超人之处在于我能认识自己的错误。这便是成功的秘密。我的洞察力关键是在于,认识到了人类思想内在的错误。
12、我不愿意花很多时间和股票市场的人们在一起,我觉得他们讨厌,和知识分子在一起比和商人在一起感觉要舒服得多。
13、很多年我都拒绝把它(投资)作为我的职业。它是达到目的的手段。我很乐意去接受——事实上,这就是我一辈子的事业。
14、我已经和公司打成一片。它以我为生,我也和它生活在一起,日夜形影不离……它是我的情人。我害怕失去它也担心做失败,并尽量避免失误。这是一种悲惨的生活。
15、我完全投入这一工作,但这确实是非常痛苦的经历。一方面,无论什么时候我在市场中如果作出了错误决策,我得忍受非常巨大的精神折磨。另一方面,我确实不愿意为了成功而把赚钱作为必需的手段。为了找出支配我进行金融决策的规则,我否认我已经成功。
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主动沟通是一切交往的前提。大学生如何与老师沟通?大学生与老师沟通的方法有哪些?下面读文网小编整理了大学生与老师沟通的方法,供你阅读参考。
1.在人际关系交往中,只有抱着真诚的动机和态度,双方才能互相理解、接纳和信任,思想和感情上才能产生共鸣,交往关系才能得到发展和深化。然而大学生在与老师交往的过程中,往往会将老师置于“领导”的地位,与老师交往有下级对上级的感觉。这样在与老师沟通交流时就会出现障碍,不能做到以“真正的我”去交流。其实,老师也是平凡而真实的人,也会有喜怒哀乐的情绪。大学生在与老师交流的过程当中,要将老师还原为一个本色的人,把老师放在一个和自己平等的位置,以真诚的态度和老师交流自己的想法,这样才能做到互相的了解。当然,把老师还原为本质的人、和老师平等的交流并不是不尊重老师,相反,这种平等的态度正是尊重老师的体现。同时,在日常的生活中和学习中要懂得向老师示弱,学生的主动示弱会使老师有被需要的感觉。遇到困难或不懂的问题要学会向老师求助请教。老师感受到学生的信赖,就会更多的和学生进行交流。
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冥冥之中流逝了多少的中秋,芸芸众生错落了几多的红尘,多少中秋之夜孤独相守,几多红尘流离了无数的相思之人。中秋离愁,年年又岁岁,轮回哀怨,辗转凉冷之秋。中秋节大学生诗朗诵稿有哪些呢?下面读文网小编整理了中秋节大学生诗朗诵稿,供你阅读参考。
《中秋》
如果那也算作一次分离
在我年轻的心中
是否可以原谅你
就像落叶可以原谅野风无礼
青春可以原谅岁月将她抹去
蟋蟀停止了吵闹
石榴树挂满了羞红的果
最后那一场雨淋湿了野玫瑰
你会不会坐在月下
听我唱
听我的歌飞进山林
飞越湖水
飞向那一轮圆月
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父母怎样和大学生沟通?父母和大学生沟通的方法有哪些?下面读文网小编整理了父母和大学生沟通的方法,供你阅读参考。
1.尊重他人从说话做起
虽然孩子上学以后会经常在学校,与家长在一起的时间也短了,但是在孩子心里,父母始终是自己最重要的老师。孩子虽然不会明确地表达自己要向父母学习,但是家长的说话方式以及对待周围人的态度会潜移默化地影响到孩子,甚至会引发孩子对父母的信任危机。身为父母,首先要注意自己对配偶的说话方式,如果经常发牢骚、指责甚至辱骂对方就会对孩子产生负面影响:原来自己的父母是这样的人!反之,如果能随时看到对方的优点并且赞美对方,孩子也会成为心中充满爱的人。
2.明确分工培养孩子的团队意识
女主内男主外是传统意义上的中国式婚姻,但是在孩子看来,这样的分工有点太专制了,他们会纳闷:为什么爸爸从来不做家务?为什么所有的家务都是妈妈一个人做?这会让孩子感觉到这个家是妈妈一直在孤军奋战。每个家庭成员都应该承担起照顾家的责任,如果妈妈洗碗的话,爸爸就应该倒垃圾去,或者辅导孩子的功课,每个人都参与其中的做法可以让孩子有自我价值的意识和团队合作的概念。
3.如何吵架和道歉
婚姻家庭中吵架是很正常的一件小事,面对孩子首先要学会控制自己的情绪。即使吵架也要讲究艺术,尤其是说话的方式,比如一方不同意另一方的观点时,可以这样表述:“我知道你这样做可能感觉不错,我也在尽力理解你,但我也得有机会说说我的不同意见。” 承诺在婚姻家庭关系中起着举足轻重的作用,假如自己没能做到或忘记答应伴侣做的事时,一定要真诚地道歉。道歉可以弥补伤口,修复感情的过程也可以给孩子上一堂生动的课,让孩子知道怎样处理人与人之间的矛盾和摩擦。4
4.父母亲密有利于培养孩子的独立性
很多家长认为有孩子了,就不应该在孩子面前表现得太亲密,怕孩子“学坏”。爱人之间的亲密拥抱和接吻可以很早就让孩子知道爸爸妈妈不是他们一个人的,这样可以有效避免孩子盲目强势霸道的坏习惯,也可以提高孩子独立生活的能力。
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